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To this end, we have examined the contribution of dendritic cells (DCs) to the efficacy of a vaccine against ocular HSV-1 infection. Transgenic mice (expressing a CD11c-diphtheria toxin receptor-green fluorescent protein construct) with a BALB\/c background were immunized with a vaccine consisting of DNA that encodes five HSV-1 glycoproteins or were immunized with vector control DNA. The vaccinated mice were then depleted of their DCs through the injection of diphtheria toxin before and after ocular challenge with HSV-1. Analyses of HSV-1 replication in the eye, blepharitis, corneal scarring, and the survival of the infected mice upon primary infection indicated that DC depletion neither promoted nor compromised the efficacy of the vaccine. In contrast, DC depletion was associated with an approximately fivefold reduction in the level of latent virus in the trigeminal ganglia (TGs) of latently infected mice, as well as a significant reduction in the reactivation rate of latent virus. The possibility that DCs enhance the latency of HSV-1 in the TGs of ocularly infected mice suggests for the first time that DCs, rather than acting as \u201cimmune saviors,\u201d can exacerbate disease and compromise vaccine efficacy by enhancing viral latency and reactivation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00318-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,30]],"date-time":"2008-10-30T01:06:23Z","timestamp":1225328783000},"page":"1859-1867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Role of Dendritic Cells in Enhancement of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency and Reactivation in Vaccinated Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kevin R.","family":"Mott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurobiology &amp; Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Research Institute, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Homayon","family":"Ghiasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurobiology &amp; Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Research Institute, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(89)90174-8","volume":"169","year":"1989","unstructured":"Albers, I., H. 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