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For this study, we investigated the effects of IL-15 on antibody responses in mice to a recombinant staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) vaccine (STEBVax) in a preclinical model of toxic shock syndrome induced by SEB. We observed that mouse spleen cells treated with IL-15 in ex vivo culture gained a dendritic cell-like phenotype. Administration of IL-15 to mice also resulted in an increased number of mature CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>dendritic cells in mouse spleens. A significant, IL-15 dose-dependent increase in antigen-specific antibody was observed after coadministration with the vaccine and an aluminum-based adjuvant (alhydrogel). Furthermore, the coadministration of IL-15 with STEBVax and alhydrogel also protected mice from lethal toxic shock above the levels that obtained without IL-15. Thus, the vaccine response enhanced by IL-15 appears to be mediated by mature dendritic cells and results in prevalent seroconversion to Th2-dependent antibodies. This suggests a potential use of IL-15 as an adjuvant for antibody-dependent responses to vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00320-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,29]],"date-time":"2007-11-29T01:44:24Z","timestamp":1196300664000},"page":"131-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Interleukin-15 Increases Vaccine Efficacy through a Mechanism Linked to Dendritic Cell Maturation and Enhanced Antibody Titers"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kamal U.","family":"Saikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teri L.","family":"Kissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Nystrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Ruthel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.2.483","volume":"154","year":"1995","unstructured":"Armitage, R. 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