{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:06:40Z","timestamp":1791112000881,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven 3-month-old, female, helminth-free lambs were immunized intranasally with three doses (1 mg total) of a recombinant part of the catalytic region of the serine\/threonine phosphatase 2A (PP2Ar) (group 1 [G1]). In addition, four lambs were used as an adjuvant control group (G2), four as unimmunized, infected controls (G3), and four as unimmunized, uninfected controls (G4). Fifteen days after the last immunization, lambs from G1, G2, and G3 were challenged with 10,000 larval stage 3 (L3) organisms in a plurispecific nematode infection composed of ca. 40%<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Trichostrongylus colubriformis<\/jats:named-content>, 40%<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Haemonchus contortus<\/jats:named-content>, and 20%<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Teladorsagia circumcincta<\/jats:named-content>. All the lambs were clinically monitored throughout the experiment. Parasitological (fecal egg output and immunological response), biopathological (packed-cell volume and leukocyte and eosinophil counts), and zootechnical (live-weight gain) analyses were conducted. On day 105 of the experiment, all the animals were slaughtered and the adult worm population in their abomasa examined. Intranasal administration of PP2Ar with bacterial walls as an adjuvant elicited a strong immune response in the immunized lambs, as evidenced by their humoral immune response. Immunized animals and animals receiving the adjuvant shed significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001) fewer numbers of parasites' eggs in their feces. The immunization significantly reduced the helminth burden in the abomasa by the end of the experiment (&gt;68%), protection being provided against both<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Haemonchus<\/jats:named-content>and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Teladorsagia<\/jats:named-content>. Live-weight gain in the immunized lambs was similar to that in the uninfected controls versus the infected or adjuvanted animal groups. Our results suggest that heterologous immunization of ruminants by intranasal administration may be efficacious in the struggle to control gastrointestinal helminths in these livestock.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00336-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]],"date-time":"2013-06-13T03:53:06Z","timestamp":1371095586000},"page":"1352-1359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Intranasal Immunization of Lambs with Serine\/Threonine Phosphatase 2A against Gastrointestinal Nematodes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Elshaima","family":"Mohamed Fawzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Cruz Bustos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Parasitology Group, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"G\u00f3mez Samblas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Parasitology Group, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Parasitology Group, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenifer","family":"Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Parasitology Group, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Elena","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Miguel","family":"De Pablos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Parasitology Group, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas","family":"Corral-Caridad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Cuquerella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Osuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Parasitology Group, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Alunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.12.1913","article-title":"Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on sheep and goat farms in the southeastern United States","volume":"233","author":"Howell SB","year":"2008","unstructured":"HowellSBBurkeJMMillerJETerrillTHValenciaEWilliamsMJWilliamsonLHZajacAMKaplanRM. 2008. 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