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As with any vaccine, the purpose of giving BCG vaccination is to establish a long-lived state of memory immunity, but whether this is successfully completely established is still unclear. It is generally accepted that memory T cells can be divided into central and effector memory populations by function and by phenotype; however, the majority of data supporting this division have been generated using transgenic mouse models or mice that have recovered from acute viral infections. Tuberculosis, on the other hand, represents a persistent, chronic state of immunity in which the presence of memory T cells is far less well defined. We show here that mice vaccinated with BCG or chronically infected with<jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>establish antigen-specific populations of cells within the lungs that predominantly express a cellular phenotype consistent with their being effector or effector memory cells. In contrast, cells with a central memory phenotype exist in much lower numbers in the lungs but can be found in significantly larger numbers in the spleen, where they may represent a potential reservoir. These data suggest that the effector-to-central-memory T-cell transition may well be minimal in these persisting mycobacterial infections, and they support a novel hypothesis that this may explain the fundamental basis of the failure of the BCG vaccine in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00368-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,28]],"date-time":"2010-01-28T02:45:29Z","timestamp":1264646729000},"page":"618-625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Phenotypic Definition of Effector and Memory T-Lymphocyte Subsets in Mice Chronically Infected with<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Marcela I.","family":"Henao-Tamayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane J.","family":"Ordway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott M.","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaobin","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal","family":"Shanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian M.","family":"Orme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.3.844-851.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.2.621-629.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/420748a","volume":"420","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bevan, M. 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