{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:34:30Z","timestamp":1789425270743,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antibodies generated to the purified dengue type 2 virus (D-2V) nonstructural-1 (NS1) protein in mice and rabbits were compared with those generated to this protein in congeneic (H-2 class II) mouse strains and humans after D-2V infections. Unlike the profiles observed with the rabbits, similar antibody reaction profiles were generated by mice and humans with severe D-2V disease (dengue hemorrhagic fever [DHF]\/dengue shock syndrome [DSS]). Many of these epitopes contained the core acidic-hydrophobic-basic (tri-amino-acid; ELK-type) motifs present in the positive or negative orientations. Antibody responses generated to these ELK\/KLE-type motifs and the epitope LX1 on this protein were influenced by class II molecules in mice during D-2V infections; but these antibodies cross-reacted with human fibrinogen and platelets, as implicated in DHF\/DSS pathogenesis. The core LX1 epitope (<jats:sup>113<\/jats:sup>YSWKTWG<jats:sup>119<\/jats:sup>), identified by the dengue virus complex-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) 3D1.4, was prepared so that it contained natural I-A<jats:sup>d<\/jats:sup>-binding and ELK-type motifs. This AFLX1 peptide, which appropriately displayed the ELK-type and LX1 epitopes in solid-phase immunoassays, generated a similar, but lower, immunodominant anti-ELK-motif antibody reaction in I-A<jats:sup>d<\/jats:sup>-positive mice, as generated in mice and humans during D-2V infections. These antibody responses were much stronger in the high-responding mouse strains and each of the DHF\/DSS patients tested and may therefore account for the association of DHF\/DSS resistance or susceptibility with particular class II molecules and autoantibodies, antibody-stimulating cytokines (e.g., interleukin-6), and complement product C3a being implicated in DHF\/DSS pathogenesis. These results are likely to be important for the design of a safe vaccine against this viral disease and showed the AFLX1 peptide and MAb 3D1.4 to be valuable diagnostic reagents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00371-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T10:55:09Z","timestamp":1172746509000},"page":"493-504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Antibody Responses Are Generated to Immunodominant ELK\/KLE-Type Motifs on the Nonstructural-1 Glycoprotein during Live Dengue Virus Infections in Mice and Humans: Implications for Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Design"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Andrew K. 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