{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T05:01:10Z","timestamp":1773118870632,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\n            subsp.\n            <jats:italic>paratuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            is a zoonotic pathogen whose association with Crohn's disease in humans is under scrutiny. The objective of this work was to investigate its association with other chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), where the involvement of a persistent pathogen such as\n            <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n            subsp.\n            <jats:italic>paratuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            could be the trigger. For this purpose, 59 diabetic patients and 59 healthy controls were investigated for the presence of antibodies against two recombinant proteins of\n            <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n            subsp.\n            <jats:italic>paratuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            and the whole-cell lysate. Extremely significant humoral immune responses to recombinant heparin binding hemagglutinin and glycosyl transferase proteins and the whole-cell lysates of\n            <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n            subsp.\n            <jats:italic>paratuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            bacilli were observed in T1DM patients and compared to those of healthy controls. Finding evidence of\n            <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n            subsp.\n            <jats:italic>paratuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            involvement in T1DM is perhaps a novel finding that might serve as a foundation stone in establishing an infectious etiology for T1DM.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00381-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,13]],"date-time":"2007-12-13T01:45:52Z","timestamp":1197510352000},"page":"320-326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Humoral Immune Responses of Type 1 Diabetes Patients to\n            <i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i>\n            subsp.\n            <i>paratuberculosis<\/i>\n            Lend Support to the Infectious Trigger Hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Leonardo A.","family":"Sechi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita\u0300 di Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Microbiologia, Universita\u0300 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Pathogen Evolution Laboratory, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Rosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita\u0300 di Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Microbiologia, Universita\u0300 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Pathogen Evolution Laboratory, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Pacifico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita\u0300 di Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Microbiologia, Universita\u0300 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Pathogen Evolution Laboratory, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Fadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita\u0300 di Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Microbiologia, Universita\u0300 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Pathogen Evolution Laboratory, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niyaz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita\u0300 di Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Microbiologia, Universita\u0300 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Pathogen Evolution Laboratory, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Zanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita\u0300 di Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Microbiologia, Universita\u0300 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Pathogen Evolution Laboratory, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.03.016","volume":"9","year":"2007","unstructured":"Berger, S., J. 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