{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T18:16:05Z","timestamp":1783102565176,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research & Development Department, Luton & Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Type I diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with abnormalities of T cells. Our objective was to assess whether antibody responses to T-cell-dependent and -independent antigens in children with DM are lower than those of children without DM. We performed a case-control study matching children with DM to children without DM by age and by assessing antibody levels to pneumococcal serotypes,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and reassessing antibody levels in patients with antibody levels below protective thresholds after booster immunization. We recruited 36 children with DM and 36 age-matched controls. The mean age was 10 years. There was no difference between groups in antibody levels against the antigens tested. Pneumococcal antibody levels below the protective threshold were found in 35.9% of DM patients after conjugate pneumococcal vaccination with no difference between groups. Booster immunization with unconjugated pneumococcal vaccine resulted in a median level against pneumococcal serotypes of 2.3 \u03bcg\/ml (range, 0.05 to 664.7 \u03bcg\/ml) in children with DM and 6.1 \u03bcg\/ml (0.12 to 203.36 \u03bcg\/ml) in children without DM (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.013). Over 85% of children had levels above the protective threshold after booster immunization with no difference between groups. There was no evidence for a reduced antibody response to T-cell-dependent antigens given during childhood immunizations in children with DM. There was a reduced antibody response to antigens of pneumococcal strains in children with DM given unconjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine compared to that of children without DM without being associated with a difference in percentage of antibody levels below the protective threshold between groups.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00400-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:22:21Z","timestamp":1472689341000},"page":"873-877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Antibody Responses to Immunizations in Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus: a Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Eisenhut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Luton &amp; Dunstable University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Chesover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luton &amp; Dunstable University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Misquith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luton &amp; Dunstable University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisha","family":"Nathwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luton &amp; Dunstable University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luton &amp; Dunstable University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198610093151502"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00274217"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00275660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-8749(03)00043-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.8.2474"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2002.5220"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.1.95"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912163412507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"64","article-title":"Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Recommendations for the production and control of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines","volume":"927","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2005","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2005. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Recommendations for the production and control of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 927(Annex 2):64\u201398.","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Effect of vaccination against pneumococcal infection in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"6","author":"Tarasova AA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tarasova AA, Kostinov MP, Iastrebova NE, Skochilova TV. 2007. Effect of vaccination against pneumococcal infection in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 6:45\u201349.","journal-title":"Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1980.03310230023016","article-title":"Antibody response to polyvalent: pneumococcal oligosaccharide vaccine in diabetics","volume":"244","author":"Beam TR","year":"1980","unstructured":"Beam TR, Jr, Crigler ED, Goldman JK, Schiffman G. 1980. Antibody response to polyvalent: pneumococcal oligosaccharide vaccine in diabetics. JAMA 244:2621\u20132624.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.5.1.36"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00522.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.03.066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.2.1.62-68.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1986.11812062","article-title":"The immune response to vaccination in undernourished and well-nourished Nigerian children","volume":"80","author":"Greenwood BM","year":"1986","unstructured":"Greenwood BM, Bradley-Moore AM, Bradley AK, Kirkwood BR, Gilles HM. 1986. The immune response to vaccination in undernourished and well-nourished Nigerian children. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 80:537\u2013544.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"477","article-title":"The effect of nutritional status on immune capacity and immune responses in preschool children in a rural community in India","volume":"54","author":"Kielmann AA","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kielmann AA, Uberoi IS, Chandra RK, Mehra VL. 1976. The effect of nutritional status on immune capacity and immune responses in preschool children in a rural community in India. Bull World Health Organ 54:477\u2013483.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19820082"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.00400-16","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.00400-16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T13:42:30Z","timestamp":1622900550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.00400-16"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"H. F.","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CVI.00400-16"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cvi.00400-16","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-08-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-08-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-11-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}