{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T21:20:28Z","timestamp":1787260828876,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin. Vaccine Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The emergence of the swine-origin 2009 influenza pandemic illustrates the need for improved vaccine production and delivery strategies. Skin-based immunization represents an attractive alternative to traditional hypodermic needle vaccination routes. Microneedles (MNs) can deliver vaccine to the epidermis and dermis, which are rich in antigen-presenting cells (APC) such as Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells. Previous studies using coated or dissolvable microneedles emphasized the use of inactivated influenza virus or virus-like particles as skin-based vaccines. However, most currently available influenza vaccines consist of solubilized viral protein antigens. Here we test the hypothesis that a recombinant subunit influenza vaccine can be delivered to the skin by coated microneedles and can induce protective immunity. We found that mice vaccinated via MN delivery with a stabilized recombinant trimeric soluble hemagglutinin (sHA) derived from A\/Aichi\/2\/68 (H3) virus had significantly higher immune responses than did mice vaccinated with unmodified sHA. These mice were fully protected against a lethal challenge with influenza virus. Analysis of postchallenge lung titers showed that MN-immunized mice had completely cleared the virus from their lungs, in contrast to mice given the same vaccine by a standard subcutaneous route. In addition, we observed a higher ratio of antigen-specific Th1 cells in trimeric sHA-vaccinated mice and a greater mucosal antibody response. Our data therefore demonstrate the improved efficacy of a skin-based recombinant subunit influenza vaccine and emphasize the advantage of this route of vaccination for a protein subunit vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00435-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,2]],"date-time":"2011-02-02T21:02:28Z","timestamp":1296680548000},"page":"647-654","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Microneedle Vaccination with Stabilized Recombinant Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Induces Improved Protective Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"William C.","family":"Weldon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria P.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Zarnitsyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baozhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Koutsonanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Skountzou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Prausnitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard W.","family":"Compans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20180919073509_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00387-06","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of microneedle technology for intradermal delivery of influenza vaccines","volume":"14","author":"Alarcon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"key20180919073509_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.03.018","article-title":"Intradermal immunization improves protective efficacy of a novel TB vaccine candidate","volume":"27","author":"Baldwin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key20180919073509_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.12.052","article-title":"Efficacy and side effects of intradermal hepatitis B vaccination in CAPD patients: a comparison with the intramuscular vaccination","volume":"43","author":"Chau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. 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A."}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.00435-10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T16:44:51Z","timestamp":1627577091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.00435-10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,2]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CVI.00435-10"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cvi.00435-10","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,2]]}}}