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We now demonstrate that most examined Lyme disease spirochetes from North America and Europe contain genes encoding RevA proteins, some with extensive regions of conservation and others with moderate diversity. Line blot analyses using recombinant RevA from two diverse Lyme disease spirochetes of RevA and serum samples from culture-confirmed human Lyme disease patients from the United States (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 46, mainly with early Lyme disease) and Germany (&gt;500, with early and late manifestations of Lyme disease) were performed. The results indicated that a sizable proportion of patients produced antibodies that recognized recombinant RevA. Overall, RevA-based serological studies were less sensitive and less specific than other assay types, such as the VlsE-based C6 peptide assay. However, sera from patients in the initial stages of Lyme disease contained antibodies against RevA, demonstrating that this protein is expressed early in human infection. Thus, RevA may be a useful target for preventative or curative therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00437-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,24]],"date-time":"2009-12-24T03:12:28Z","timestamp":1261624348000},"page":"274-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The Borrelial Fibronectin-Binding Protein RevA Is an Early Antigen of Human Lyme Disease"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Brissette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Rossmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genzyme Virotech GmbH, Ru\u0308sselsheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Cooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean P.","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus-Peter","family":"Hunfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bechtel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genzyme Virotech GmbH, Ru\u0308sselsheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kraiczy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2508(94)90187-2","volume":"145","year":"1994","unstructured":"Anthonissen, F. 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