{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T15:37:08Z","timestamp":1699544228806},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>After adolescence, the incidence of meningococcal disease decreases with age as a result of the cumulative immunizing effect of repeated nasopharyngeal colonization. Nevertheless, some adults succumb to meningococcal disease, so we hypothesized that this is due to a subtle functional immunological defect. Peripheral blood lymphocytes derived from survivors of serogroup C meningococcal disease and from age- and sex-matched controls were incubated with a polyclonal B-cell activator containing anti-immunoglobulin D (\u03b1-\u03b4-dex) employed to mimic antigen-specific stimuli encountered during immune responses to bacterial polysaccharides, with and without T-cell activation (using anti-CD3\/anti-CD28). Subsequent proliferation and activation of T and B lymphocytes were measured. In patients, T-cell responses to polyclonal stimuli and the delivery of T-cell help to B cells were unimpaired. Levels of B-cell proliferation in response to \u03b1-\u03b4-dex stimulation alone were low in all samples but were significantly lower in patients than in controls, and these differences were more pronounced with the addition of T-cell help. The data are consistent with the presence of a subtle immunodeficiency in adults who have exhibited susceptibility to meningococcal disease. This defect is manifested as an impaired B-cell response to T-cell-independent type 2 antigens analogous to bacterial capsular polysaccharide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00485-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,12]],"date-time":"2009-03-12T01:58:17Z","timestamp":1236823097000},"page":"692-698","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evidence of a Functional B-Cell Immunodeficiency in Adults Who Experience Serogroup C Meningococcal Disease"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Foster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Fina Biosolutions LLC, 9610 Medical Center Dr., Suite 200, Rockville, Maryland 20850"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Vaccine Evaluation Unit, Health Protection Agency, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Carlring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Fina Biosolutions LLC, 9610 Medical Center Dr., Suite 200, Rockville, Maryland 20850"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Vaccine Evaluation Unit, Health Protection Agency, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"McKendrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Fina Biosolutions LLC, 9610 Medical Center Dr., Suite 200, Rockville, Maryland 20850"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Vaccine Evaluation Unit, Health Protection Agency, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Lees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Fina Biosolutions LLC, 9610 Medical Center Dr., Suite 200, Rockville, Maryland 20850"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Vaccine Evaluation Unit, Health Protection Agency, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ray","family":"Borrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Fina Biosolutions LLC, 9610 Medical Center Dr., Suite 200, Rockville, Maryland 20850"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Vaccine Evaluation Unit, Health Protection Agency, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Read","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Fina Biosolutions LLC, 9610 Medical Center Dr., Suite 200, Rockville, Maryland 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