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We combined data from laboratory trials and an ongoing field trial to assess the risk of an oral<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:named-content>BCG vaccine and a prototype heat-inactivated<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:named-content>preparation for Eurasian wild boar (<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Sus scrofa<\/jats:named-content>). We studied adverse reactions, BCG survival, BCG excretion, and bait uptake by nontarget species. No adverse reactions were observed after administration of BCG (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 27) or inactivated<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. bovis<\/jats:named-content>(<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 21). BCG was not found at necropsy (175 to 300 days postvaccination [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 27]). No BCG excretion was detected in fecal samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 162) or in urine or nasal, oral, or fecal swab samples at 258 days postvaccination (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 29). In the field, we found no evidence of loss of BCG viability in baits collected after 36 h (temperature range, 11\u00b0C to 41\u00b0C). Camera trapping showed that wild boar (39%) and birds (56%) were the most frequent visitors to bait stations (selective feeders). Wild boar activity patterns were nocturnal, while diurnal activities were recorded for all bird species. We found large proportions of chewed capsules (29%) (likely ingestion of the vaccine) and lost baits (39%) (presumably consumed), and the proportion of chewed capsules showed a positive correlation with the presence of wild boar. Both results suggest proper bait consumption (68%). These results indicate that BCG vaccination in wild boar is safe and that, while bait consumption by other species is possible, this can be minimized by using selective cages and strict timing of bait deployment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00488-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,31]],"date-time":"2013-10-31T00:43:57Z","timestamp":1383180237000},"page":"12-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Assessment of an Oral Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine and an Inactivated M. bovis Preparation for Wild Boar in Terms of Adverse Reactions, Vaccine Strain Survival, and Uptake by Nontarget Species"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Beltr\u00e1n-Beck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iker A.","family":"Sevilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose A.","family":"Barasona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseba M.","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Barrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iratxe","family":"D\u00edez-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esmeralda","family":"Minguij\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Casal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Gort\u00e1zar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Aranaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20180919073718_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2907.2011.00191.x","article-title":"The status of tuberculosis in European wild mammals","volume":"42","author":"Gort\u00e1zar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mammal Rev."},{"key":"key20180919073718_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.02.023","article-title":"Maintenance, spillover and spillback transmission of bovine tuberculosis in multi-host wildlife complexes: a New Zealand case study","volume":"151","author":"Nugent","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. 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