{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:55:05Z","timestamp":1760122505936,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/PR13502\/MED\/15\/36\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR13502\/MED\/15\/36\/2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SEC\/DHR\/HRD-FELLOW\/1(2)\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEC\/DHR\/HRD-FELLOW\/1(2)\/2011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Leptospirosis is a serious zoonosis that is underdiagnosed because of limited access to laboratory facilities in Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and Oceania. Timely diagnosis of locally distributed serovars of high virulence is crucial for successful care and outbreak management. Using pooled patient sera, an expression gene library of a virulent\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:named-content>\n            serovar Autumnalis strain N2 isolated in South India was screened. The identified genes were characterized, and the purified recombinant proteins were used as antigens in IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) either singly or in combination. Sera (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 118) from cases of acute leptospirosis along with sera (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 58) from healthy subjects were tested for reactivity with the identified proteins in an ELISA designed to detect specific IgM responses. We have identified nine immunoreactive proteins, ArgC, RecA, GlpF, FliD, TrmD, RplS, RnhB, Lp28.6, and Lrr44.9, which were found to be highly conserved among pathogenic leptospires. Apparently, the proteins ArgC, RecA, GlpF, FliD, TrmD, and Lrr44.9 are expressed during natural infection of the host and undetectable in\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            cultures. Among all the recombinant proteins used as antigens in IgM ELISA, ArgC had the highest sensitivity and specificity, 89.8% and 95.5%, respectively, for the conclusive diagnosis of leptospirosis. The use of ArgC and RecA in combination for IgM ELISA increased the sensitivity and specificity to 95.7% and 94.9%, respectively. ArgC and RecA thus elicited specific IgM responses and were therefore effective in laboratory confirmation of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00509-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]],"date-time":"2016-01-08T16:22:55Z","timestamp":1452270175000},"page":"65-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["<i>In Vivo<\/i>\n            -Expressed Proteins of Virulent Leptospira interrogans Serovar Autumnalis N2 Elicit Strong IgM Responses of Value in Conclusive Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Veerapandian","family":"Raja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre of Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santhanam","family":"Shanmughapriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre of Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murugesan","family":"Kanagavel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre of Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergey C.","family":"Artiushin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sridhar","family":"Velineni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Timoney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalimuthusamy","family":"Natarajaseenivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre of Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314424"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91167-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)80012-9","article-title":"Urban epidemic of severe leptospirosis in Brazil","volume":"354","author":"Ko AI","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ko AI, Galvao Reis M, Ribeiro Dourado CM, Johnson WD, Riley LW. 1999. Urban epidemic of severe leptospirosis in Brazil. Lancet 354:820\u2013825.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002798"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.652"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05094-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"Risk factors associated with leptospirosis during an outbreak in Middle Andaman, India","volume":"130","author":"Sugunan AP","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sugunan AP, Vijayachari P, Sharma S, Roy S, Manickam P, Natarajaseenivasan K, Gupte MD, Sehgal SC. 2009. Risk factors associated with leptospirosis during an outbreak in Middle Andaman, India. Indian J Med Res 130:67\u201373.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-012-0791-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-014-0611-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","volume-title":"Guidelines for the control of leptospirosis","author":"Faine S","year":"1982","unstructured":"Faine S (ed). 1982. Guidelines for the control of leptospirosis. 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