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We measured the avidity of antibodies to cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>O1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Bangladeshi adult cholera patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 30), as well as vaccinees (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 30) after administration of two doses of a killed oral cholera vaccine. We assessed antibody and memory B cell responses at the acute stage in patients or prior to vaccination in vaccinees and then in follow-up over a year. Both patients and vaccinees mounted CTB-specific IgG and IgA antibodies of high avidity. Patients showed longer persistence of these antibodies than vaccinees, with persistence lasting in patients up to day 270 to 360. The avidity of LPS-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in patients remained elevated up to 180 days of follow-up. Vaccinees mounted highly avid LPS-specific antibodies at day 17 (3 days after the second dose of vaccine), but the avidity waned rapidly to baseline by 30 days. We examined the correlation between antigen-specific memory B cell responses and avidity indices for both antigens. We found that numbers of CTB- and LPS-specific memory B cells significantly correlated with the avidity indices of the corresponding antibodies (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05; Spearman's<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>= 0.28 to 0.45). These findings suggest that antibody avidity after infection and immunization is a good correlate of the development and maintenance of memory B cell responses to<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>O1 antigens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00521-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T03:04:05Z","timestamp":1351739045000},"page":"17-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Study of Avidity of Antigen-Specific Antibody as a Means of Understanding Development of Long-Term Immunological Memory after Vibrio cholerae O1 Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Murshid","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Arifuzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaikh Meshbahuddin","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Ismail","family":"Hosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Arif","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasheduzzaman","family":"Rashu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alaullah","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward T.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Calderwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Firdausi","family":"Qadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"WHO cholera fact sheet","author":"Anonymous","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2011. 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