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Because the symptoms worsen with physical exertion or sleep loss, we hypothesized that we could use these stressors to magnify the underlying potential pathogenic abnormalities in the cytokine systems of people with CFS. We conducted repeat blood sampling for cytokine levels from healthy subjects and CFS patients during both postexercise and total sleep deprivation nights and assayed for protein levels in the blood samples, mRNA activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), and function in resting and stimulated PBLs. We found that these environmental manipulations did not produce clinically significant upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. These data do not support an important role of immune dysregulation in the genesis of stress-induced worsening of CFS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00527-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,12]],"date-time":"2013-09-12T02:12:47Z","timestamp":1378951967000},"page":"1736-1742","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Exercise and Sleep Deprivation Do Not Change Cytokine Expression Levels in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Toru","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain &amp; Fatigue Study Center, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Schwander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dane B.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Education, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumiharu","family":"Togo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Educational Physiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiharu","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Educational Physiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil S.","family":"Cherniack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain &amp; Fatigue Study Center, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Klapholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rapoport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin H.","family":"Natelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain &amp; Fatigue Study Center, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91440-6","article-title":"Chronic fatigue syndrome: clinical condition associated with immune activation","volume":"338","author":"Landay AL","year":"1991","unstructured":"LandayALJessopCLennetteETLevyJA. 1991. 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