{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T09:29:50Z","timestamp":1787909390543,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            CXCL13 is a constitutively expressed chemokine that controls migration of immune cells to lymphoid follicles. Previously, we found CXCL13 mRNA levels increased in rhesus macaque spleen tissues during AIDS. This led us to examine the levels and locations of CXCL13 by detailed\n            <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n            methods in cynomolgus macaque lymphoid and intestinal tissues. Our results revealed that there were distinct localization patterns of CXCL13 mRNA compared to protein in germinal centers. These patterns shifted during the course of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, with increased mRNA expression within and around follicles during AIDS compared to uninfected or acutely infected animals. Unexpectedly, CXCL13 expression was also found in abundance in Paneth cells in crypts throughout the small intestine. Therefore, we expanded our analyses to include chemokines and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) not previously demonstrated to be expressed by Paneth cells in intestinal tissues. We examined the expression patterns of multiple chemokines, including CCL25, as well as \u03b1-defensin 6 (DEFA6), \u03b2-defensin 2 (BDEF2), rhesus \u03b8-defensin 1 (RTD-1), and Reg3\u03b3\n            <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n            in intestinal tissues. Of the 10 chemokines examined, CXCL13 was unique in its expression by Paneth cells. BDEF2, RTD-1, and Reg3\u03b3 were also expressed by Paneth cells. BDEF2 and RTD-1 previously have not been shown to be expressed by Paneth cells. These findings expand our understanding of mucosal immunology, innate antimicrobial defenses, homeostatic chemokine function, and host protective mechanisms against microbial translocation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00651-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]],"date-time":"2013-06-27T04:37:44Z","timestamp":1372307864000},"page":"1320-1328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Macaque Paneth Cells Express Lymphoid Chemokine CXCL13 and Other Antimicrobial Peptides Not Previously Described as Expressed in Intestinal Crypts"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Carissa M.","family":"Lucero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Fallert Junecko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia R.","family":"Klamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Sciullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella J.","family":"Berendam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony R.","family":"Cillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shulin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonali","family":"Sanghavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Edward Memorial Hospital and Research Center, Rasta Peth, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Murphey-Corb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd A.","family":"Reinhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.4.655","article-title":"B cell-attracting chemokine 1, a human CXC chemokine expressed in lymphoid tissues, selectively attracts B lymphocytes via BLR1\/CXCR5","volume":"187","author":"Legler DF","year":"1998","unstructured":"LeglerDF LoetscherM RoosRS Clark-LewisI BaggioliniM MoserB . 1998. 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