{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T13:54:16Z","timestamp":1776261256877,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin. Vaccine Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in target populations is one of the current WHO strategies for preventing active tuberculosis (TB) infection and reducing the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>reservoir. Therefore, powerful LTBI screening tools are indispensable. A gamma interferon release assay (IGRA) in response to the stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by the latency antigen native heparin-binding hemagglutinin (nHBHA-IGRA) has proven its potential for this purpose. We have evaluated its possible optimization through a reduction of incubation time from 96 to 24 h, while compensating for this by adding interleukin 7 (IL-7) to the medium. We have also investigated the phenotypes of the gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3)-producing cells after both short and long incubation times. One hundred thirty-one nonimmunocompromised patients were recruited from 3 Brussels-based university hospitals. They were divided into 1 of 4 subgroups according to their<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>infection status (LTBI, TB infection, undetermined<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>infection status, and noninfected controls). The novel 24-h nHBHA-IGRA was performed for all subjects, and a simultaneous 96-h classical HBHA-IGRA was performed for 79 individuals. The results showed a good correlation between the two tests, and the novel 24-h nHBHA-IGRA maintained the principal advantages of the classical test, namely, a high specificity for LTBI diagnosis, an absence of interference of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:named-content>BCG vaccination during infancy, and a relative discrimination between LTBI and TB infection. Whereas the commercialized IGRAs show a greater sensitivity for recent than for remote<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>infections, the 24-h nHBHA-IGRA appears to have comparable diagnostic powers for recent and remote LTBI. The IFN-\u03b3 detected by the 24-h nHBHA-IGRA was mainly secreted by effector memory CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T lymphocytes, a finding suggestive of continuous HBHA presentation during latency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00651-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,4]],"date-time":"2014-01-04T04:51:44Z","timestamp":1388811104000},"page":"321-328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Key Role of Effector Memory CD4<sup>+<\/sup>T Lymphocytes in a Short-Incubation Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin Gamma Interferon Release Assay for the Detection of Latent Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Chlo\u00e9","family":"Wyndham-Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Corbi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Violette","family":"Dirix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaatje","family":"Smits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Domont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Libin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Loyens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Locht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Mascart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20180919073724_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.6.968","article-title":"The tuberculin skin test","volume":"17","author":"Huebner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. 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