{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:44:04Z","timestamp":1777538644058,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    MenBvac and MeNZB are safe and efficacious outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines against serogroup B meningococcal disease. Antibody responses have previously been investigated in a clinical trial with these two OMV vaccines given separately (25 \u03bcg\/dose) or in combination (12.5 and 12.5 \u03bcg\/dose) in three doses administered at 6-week intervals. Here, we report the results from analyzing cellular immune responses against MenBvac and MeNZB OMVs in terms of antigen-specific CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell proliferation and secretion of cytokines. The proliferative CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell responses to the combined vaccine were of the same magnitude as the homologous responses observed for each individual vaccine. The results also showed cross-reactivity in the sense that both vaccine groups receiving separate vaccines responded to both homologous and heterologous OMV antigen when assayed for antigen-specific cellular proliferation. In addition, a multiplex bead array assay was used to analyze the presence of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in cell culture supernatants. The results showed that gamma interferon, interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-10 responses could be detected as a result of vaccination with both the MenBvac and the MeNZB vaccines given separately, as well as when given in combination. With respect to cross-reactivity, the cytokine results paralleled the observations made for proliferation. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that cross-reactive cellular immune responses involving both Th1 and Th2 cytokines can be induced to the same extent by different tailor-made OMV vaccines given either separately or in combination with half the dose of each vaccine.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00666-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,11]],"date-time":"2016-02-11T15:33:19Z","timestamp":1455204799000},"page":"353-362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cellular Immune Responses in Humans Induced by Two Serogroup B Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccines Given Separately and in Combination"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Oftung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gro Ellen","family":"Korsvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audun","family":"Aase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisbeth M.","family":"N\u00e6ss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.09.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"195","article-title":"Vaccine against group B Neisseria meningitidis: protection trial and mass vaccination results in Cuba","volume":"14","author":"Sierra GV","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sierra GV, Campa HC, Varcacel NM, Garcia IL, Izquierdo PL, Sotolongo PF, Casanueva GV, Rico CO, Rodriguez CR, Terry MH. 1991. 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JAMA 281:1520\u20131527.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91961-S"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00047-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"95","article-title":"The Norwegian meningococcal group B outer membrane vesicle vaccine: side effects in phase II trials","volume":"14","author":"Nokleby H","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nokleby H, Feiring B. 1991. The Norwegian meningococcal group B outer membrane vesicle vaccine: side effects in phase II trials. 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