{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:47:14Z","timestamp":1792651634498,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21AI100166-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21AI100166-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4R33AI100166-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4R33AI100166-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The systematically difficult task of diagnosing Lyme disease can be simplified by sensitive and specific laboratory tests. The currently recommended two-tier test for serology is highly specific but falls short in sensitivity, especially in the early acute phase. We previously examined serially collected serum samples from\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            -infected rhesus macaques and defined a combination of antigens that could be utilized for detection of infection at all phases of disease in humans. The five\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            antigens, consisting of OspC, OspA, DbpA, OppA2, and the C6 peptide, were combined into a fluorescent cytometric bead-based assay for the detection of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            antigen-specific IgG antibodies. Samples from Lyme disease patients and controls were used to determine the diagnostic value of this assay. Using this sample set, we found that our five-antigen multiplex IgG assay exhibited higher sensitivity (79.5%) than the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (76.1%), the two-tier test (61.4%), and the C6 peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (77.2%) while maintaining specificity over 90%. When detection of IgM was added to the bead-based assay, the sensitivity improved to 91%, but at a cost of reduced specificity (78%). These results indicate that the rational combination of antigens in our multiplex assay may offer an improved serodiagnostic test for Lyme disease.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00685-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T03:38:18Z","timestamp":1454557098000},"page":"294-303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Five-Antigen Fluorescent Bead-Based Assay for Diagnosis of Lyme Disease"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Monica E.","family":"Embers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology &amp; Parasitology Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole R.","family":"Hasenkampf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology &amp; Parasitology Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary B.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Didier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario T.","family":"Philipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology &amp; Parasitology Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda C.","family":"Tardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology &amp; Parasitology Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van den Wijngaard CC Hofhuis A Harms MG Haagsma JA Wong A de Wit GA Havelaar AH Lugn\u00e9r AK Suijkerbuijk AWM van Pelt W. 16 June 2015. The burden of Lyme borreliosis expressed in disability-adjusted life years. doi:10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv091.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"454","article-title":"Lyme disease: an infectious and postinfectious syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Asch ES","year":"1994","unstructured":"Asch ES, Bujak DI, Weiss M, Peterson MG, Weinstein A. 1994. Lyme disease: an infectious and postinfectious syndrome. 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Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11:924\u2013929.","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01374.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/589242"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00075-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2012.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/323392"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.9.1069-1074.2005","article-title":"A decline in C6 antibody titer occurs in successfully treated patients with culture-confirmed early localized or early disseminated Lyme borreliosis","volume":"12","author":"Philipp MT","year":"2005","unstructured":"Philipp MT, Wormser GP, Marques AR, Bittker S, Martin DS, Nowakowski J, Dally LG. 2005. A decline in C6 antibody titer occurs in successfully treated patients with culture-confirmed early localized or early disseminated Lyme borreliosis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 12:1069\u20131074.","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.2.237-240.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00579624","article-title":"Recombinant immunoblot in the serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis. Comparison with indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"182","author":"Wilske B","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wilske B, Fingerle V, Herzer P, Hofmann A, Lehnert G, Peters H, Pfister HW, Preac-Mursic V, Soutschek E, Weber K. 1993. Recombinant immunoblot in the serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis. Comparison with indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Med Microbiol Immunol 182:255\u2013270.","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-50-10-889"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.8.3602-3609.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/648674"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00228-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00002-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01409-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318211c39a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093243"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b02803"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036825"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.12.3990-3996.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00792-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2010.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02111-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.1.173-181.1999","article-title":"The immunoglobulin (IgG) antibody response to OspA and OspB correlates with severe and prolonged Lyme arthritis and the IgG response to P35 correlates with mild and brief arthritis","volume":"67","author":"Akin E","year":"1999","unstructured":"Akin E, McHugh GL, Flavell RA, Fikrig E, Steere AC. 1999. The immunoglobulin (IgG) antibody response to OspA and OspB correlates with severe and prolonged Lyme arthritis and the IgG response to P35 correlates with mild and brief arthritis. Infect Immun 67:173\u2013181.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.4.1879-1884.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26944-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2009.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00399-15"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.00685-15","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.00685-15","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T20:42:08Z","timestamp":1627591328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.00685-15"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"P. 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