{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T23:56:30Z","timestamp":1784073390561,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:named-content>\n            vaccines currently available are serovar specific and require regular booster immunizations to maintain protection of the host. In addition, a hamster challenge batch potency test is necessary to evaluate these vaccines prior to market release, requiring the use of a large number of animals, which is ethically and financially undesirable. Our previous work showed that the N terminus of the outer membrane protein LipL32 was altered in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:named-content>\n            serovar Canicola vaccines that fail the hamster challenge test, suggesting that it may be involved in the protective immune response. The aim of this study was to determine if vaccination with LipL32 protein alone could provide a protective response against challenge with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. interrogans<\/jats:named-content>\n            serovar Canicola to hamsters. Recombinant LipL32, purified from an\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            expression system, was assessed for protective immunity in five groups of hamsters (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 5) following a challenge with the virulent\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. interrogans<\/jats:named-content>\n            serovar Canicola strain Kito as a challenge strain. However, no significant survival against the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. interrogans<\/jats:named-content>\n            serovar Canicola challenge was observed compared to that of unvaccinated negative controls. Subsequent histological analysis revealed reduced amounts of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. interrogans<\/jats:named-content>\n            in the kidneys from the hamsters vaccinated with recombinant LipL32 protein prior to challenge; however, no significant survival against the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. interrogans<\/jats:named-content>\n            serovar Canicola challenge was observed compared to that of unvaccinated negative controls. This finding corresponded to a noticeably reduced severity of renal lesions. This study provides evidence that LipL32 is involved in the protective response against\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. interrogans<\/jats:named-content>\n            serovar Canicola in hamsters and is the first reported link to LipL32-induced protection against kidney invasion.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00719-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,13]],"date-time":"2014-02-13T06:02:01Z","timestamp":1392271321000},"page":"546-551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Vaccination with Leptospiral Outer Membrane Lipoprotein LipL32 Reduces Kidney Invasion of Leptospira interrogans Serovar Canicola in Hamsters"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"P. C.","family":"Humphryes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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