{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:08:14Z","timestamp":1790374094657,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin. Vaccine Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vaccine-induced seropositivity (VISP) or seroreactivity (VISR), defined as the reaction of antibodies elicited by HIV vaccines with antigens used in HIV diagnostic immunoassays, can result in reactive assay results for vaccinated but uninfected individuals, with subsequent misclassification of their infection status. The eventual licensure of a vaccine will magnify this issue and calls for the development of mitigating solutions in advance. An immunoassay that discriminates between antibodies elicited by vaccine antigens and those elicited by infection has been developed to address this laboratory testing need. The HIV Selectest is based on consensus and clade-specific HIV peptides that are omitted in many HIV vaccine constructs. The assay was redesigned to enhance performance across worldwide clades and to simplify routine use via a standard kit format. The redesigned assay was evaluated with sera from vaccine trial participants, HIV-infected and uninfected individuals, and healthy controls. The HIV Selectest exhibited specificities of 99.5% with sera from uninfected recipients of 6 different HIV vaccines and 100% with sera from normal donors, while detecting HIV-1 infections, including intercurrent infections, with 95 to 100% sensitivity depending on the clade, with the highest sensitivities for clades A and C. HIV Selectest sensitivity decreased in very early seroconversion specimens, which possibly explains the slightly lower sensitivity observed for asymptomatic blood donors than for clinical HIV cases. Thus, the HIV Selectest provides a new laboratory tool for use in vaccine settings to distinguish the immune response to HIV vaccine antigens from that due to true infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00748-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,9]],"date-time":"2014-01-09T06:05:54Z","timestamp":1389247554000},"page":"391-398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Performance of a Redesigned HIV Selectest Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Optimized To Minimize Vaccine-Induced Seropositivity in HIV Vaccine Trial Participants"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Oksana","family":"Penezina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil X.","family":"Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac R.","family":"Rodriguez-Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Hural","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"O'Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said","family":"Aboud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Kovalenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Clapham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Crane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the HIV Selectest Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20180919073725_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113425","article-title":"Immune-correlates analysis of an HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial","volume":"366","author":"Haynes","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10766","article-title":"Vaccine protection against acquisition of neutralization-resistant SIV challenges in rhesus monkeys","volume":"482","author":"Barouch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key20180919073725_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-2-19","article-title":"Impact of HIV vaccination on laboratory diagnosis: case reports","volume":"2","author":"Suthon","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-8-199410150-00005","article-title":"Interpreting HIV serodiagnostic test results in the 1990s: social risks of HIV vaccine studies in uninfected volunteers","volume":"121","author":"Belshe","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2011.01.003","article-title":"Vaccine-induced HIV seropositivity: a problem on the rise","volume":"50","author":"Van Braeckel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1086\/593313","article-title":"HIV seroconversion without infection after receipt of adenovirus-vectored HIV type 1 vaccine","volume":"47","author":"Quirk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2008.0107","article-title":"Short communication: long-term persistence of vaccine-induced HIV seropositivity among healthy volunteers","volume":"24","author":"Silbermann","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"key20180919073725_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1086\/368169","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity among uninfected HIV vaccine recipients","volume":"187","author":"Ackers","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.926","article-title":"Vaccine-induced HIV seropositivity\/reactivity in noninfected HIV vaccine recipients","volume":"304","author":"Cooper","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key20180919073725_B10","article-title":"Performance of commercially available HIV Rapid and HIV ELISA test kits on samples from a preventative HIV vaccine trial to evaluate vaccine induced sero-reactivity (VISR)","author":"Chetty"},{"key":"key20180919073725_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181565dcb","article-title":"Negative social impacts among volunteers in an HIV vaccine efficacy trial","volume":"46","author":"Fuchs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1089\/088922201750236942","article-title":"Trial-related discrimination in HIV vaccine clinical trials","volume":"17","author":"Allen","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"key20180919073725_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2652-13-43","article-title":"Cost analysis of centralized viral load testing for antiretroviral therapy monitoring in Nicaragua, a low-HIV prevalence, low-resource setting","volume":"13","author":"Gerlach","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Int. AIDS Soc."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328349f067","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of symptom-based testing and routine screening for acute HIV infection in men who have sex with men in the USA","volume":"25","author":"Juusola","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key20180919073725_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27625","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027625","article-title":"HIV screening via fourth-generation immunoassay or nucleic acid amplification test in the United States: a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"6","author":"Long","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key20180919073725_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.5.2092-2099.2006","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine trials: a novel assay for differential diagnosis of HIV infections in the face of vaccine-generated antibodies","volume":"80","author":"Khurana","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000242465.50947.5f","article-title":"Novel approach for differential diagnosis of HIV infections in the face of vaccine-generated antibodies: utility for detection of diverse HIV-1 subtypes","volume":"43","author":"Khurana","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P120","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-9-S2-P120","article-title":"New HIV peptide-based immunoassay resolves vaccine-induced seropositivity in HIV vaccine (phase III) trial participants","volume":"9","author":"Penezina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"key20180919073725_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6638","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.10.6638","article-title":"Increased sequence diversity coverage improves detection of HIV-specific T cell responses","volume":"179","author":"Frahm","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282f42412","article-title":"Increased detection of HIV-specific T cell responses by combination of central sequences with comparable immunogenicity","volume":"22","author":"Frahm","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key20180919073725_B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.4.2.5215","article-title":"Towards prediction of degenerate CTL epitope recognition","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5225","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02564-06","article-title":"Enhanced detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef-specific T cells recognizing multiple variants in early HIV-1 infection","volume":"81","author":"Malhotra","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1086\/508748","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial of a bivalent recombinant glycoprotein 120 HIV-1 vaccine among injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand","volume":"194","author":"Pitisuttithum","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1086\/428404","article-title":"Placebo-controlled phase 3 trial of a recombinant glycoprotein 120 vaccine to prevent HIV-1 infection","volume":"191","author":"Flynn","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1086\/432915","article-title":"High-dose recombinant canarypox vaccine expressing HIV-1 protein, in seronegative human subjects","volume":"192","author":"Goepfert","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000248356.48501.ff","article-title":"Phase 2 study of an HIV-1 canarypox vaccine (vCP1452) alone and in combination with rgp120: negative results fail to trigger a phase 3 correlates trial","volume":"44","author":"Russell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq105","article-title":"Phase 1 safety and immunogenicity testing of DNA and recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara vaccines expressing HIV-1 virus-like particles","volume":"203","author":"Goepfert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21225","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021225","article-title":"A phase IIA randomized clinical trial of a multiclade HIV-1 DNA prime followed by a multiclade rAd5 HIV-1 vaccine boost in healthy adults (HVTN204)","volume":"6","author":"Churchyard","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key20180919073725_B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.08.001","article-title":"Broad and potent immune responses to a low dose intradermal HIV-1 DNA boosted with HIV-1 recombinant MVA among healthy adults in Tanzania","volume":"29","author":"Bakari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key20180919073725_B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908492","article-title":"Vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX to prevent HIV-1 infection in Thailand","volume":"361","author":"Rerks-Ngarm","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3968","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01454-12","article-title":"Lower-sensitivity and avidity modifications of the Vitros anti-HIV 1+2 assay for detection of recent HIV infections and incidence estimation","volume":"50","author":"Keating","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"key20180919073725_B32","volume-title":"AIDS Vaccine 2011, poster P14.06","author":"Aboud","year":"2011"},{"key":"key20180919073725_B33","article-title":"False HIV seropositive among uninfected HIV vaccine recipients of phase III vaccine trial in Thailand","author":"Tabprasit","year":"2010"},{"key":"key20180919073725_B34","article-title":"Long-term vaccine-induced HIV seropositivity among HIV-uninfected healthy volunteers in ANRS COV1-COHVAC cohort","author":"Durier","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.00748-13","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T20:50:17Z","timestamp":1627591817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.00748-13"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"C. J.","family":"Papasian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CVI.00748-13"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cvi.00748-13","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]]}}}