{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:13:45Z","timestamp":1788347625212,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin. Vaccine Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by the spirochete bacteria<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>spp. and is commonly found throughout the world. Diagnosis of leptospirosis performed by culture and microscopic agglutination tests is laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, we aimed to develop a novel immunochromatography (ICG)-based method for detecting<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>antigen in the urine of patients and animals. We used the 1H6 monoclonal antibody (MAb), which is specific to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is common among<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>spp. The MAb was coupled to 40-nm-diameter colloidal gold, and the amounts of labeled antibody and immobilized antibody were 23 \u03bcg and 2 \u03bcg per test, respectively. Several strains of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>and other bacterial species were used to evaluate the sensitivities and specificities of the assays we developed. The detection limit of the assays was 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>cells\/ml when disrupted whole bacterial cells were used. The assays were<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>specific since they did not cross-react with non-<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>bacteria used in the study. Application of diagnostic assays was done on the urine samples of 46<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>-infected hamsters, 44 patients with suspected leptospirosis, and 14 healthy individuals. Pretreatment of the urine samples by boiling and centrifugation (for ultrafiltration and concentration) eliminated nonspecific reactions that occurred in the assay. The sensitivity and specificity of the ICG-based lateral flow assay (LFA) were 89% and 87%, respectively, which were higher than those of the dipstick assay, which were 80% and 74%, respectively. In summary, this ICG-based LFA can be used as an alternative diagnostic assay for leptospirosis. Further development is still necessary to improve the assay.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00756-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,7]],"date-time":"2013-03-07T04:13:37Z","timestamp":1362629617000},"page":"683-690","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Development of Immunochromatography-Based Methods for Detection of Leptospiral Lipopolysaccharide Antigen in Urine"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Dian","family":"Widiyanti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa T.","family":"Muslich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaya","family":"Segawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon Y. 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