{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:10:47Z","timestamp":1790885447679,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin. Vaccine Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the vaccine protective response for infants born from HIV-infected mothers. We evaluated the antibody response to hepatitis B, tetanus, and diphtheria vaccine in vertically HIV-exposed uninfected infants and compared them to those of control infants not exposed to the virus. The quantitative determination of specific neutralizing antibodies against hepatitis B, diphtheria, and tetanus were performed blindly on serum samples. The results showed that 6.7% of the HIV-exposed uninfected individuals were nonresponders to hepatitis B vaccine (anti-HBs titer, &lt;10 mIU\/ml), and 64.4% were very good responders (anti-HBs titer, \u22651,000 mIU\/ml), whereas only 3.6% of the nonexposed infants were nonresponders (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=10.93; 1 df). The HIV-exposed uninfected infants showed protective titers for diphtheria and tetanus but lower geometric mean anti-tetanus titers compared to those of the HIV-unexposed infants. Our data point to the necessity of evaluating vaccine immune responses in these children and reinforced that alterations in lymphocyte numbers and functions reported for newborns from HIV-infected mothers interfere with the vaccine response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.05065-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,21]],"date-time":"2011-07-21T02:55:00Z","timestamp":1311216900000},"page":"1406-1409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Impaired Humoral Response to Vaccines among HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Beatriz Mariana","family":"Abramczuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ta\u00eds Nitsch","family":"Mazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yara Maria Franco","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiane Queiroz","family":"Zorzeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wagner","family":"Quintilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Silva","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Heloisa","family":"Blotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Moreno","family":"Morcillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos Tadeu Nolasco","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Marluce","family":"dos Santos Vilela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20180919073528_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1086\/605448","article-title":"Immunogenicity and immunologic memory after hepatitis B virus booster vaccination in HIV-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"200","author":"Abzug","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200308150-00006","article-title":"Persistent mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-1-exposed but uninfected infants: clinical screening in a large prospective cohort","volume":"17","author":"Barret","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-38","article-title":"The impact of maternal HIV infection on cord blood lymphocyte subsets and cytokine profile in exposed non-infected newborns","volume":"11","author":"Borges-Almeida","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000174454.63250.22","article-title":"Maternal and infant factors and lymphocyte, CD4 and CD8 cell counts in uninfected children of HIV-1-infected mothers","volume":"19","author":"Bunders","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250510042951","article-title":"Haematological parameters of HIV-1-uninfected infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers","volume":"94","author":"Bunders","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.11.048","article-title":"Immunogenicity and safety of combined intradermal recombinant Hepatitis B with BCG vaccines at birth","volume":"26","author":"Carniel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key20180919073528_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822003000300002","article-title":"Feasibility study of the immunogenicity and safety of a novel DTPw\/Hib (PRP-T) Brazilian combination compared to a licensed vaccine in healthy children at 2, 4, and 6 months of age","volume":"36","author":"Clemens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras Med. Trop."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.12.3866","article-title":"T-lymphocyte maturation abnormalities in uninfected newborns and children with vertical exposure to HIV","volume":"96","author":"Clerici","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"key20180919073528_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03411.x","article-title":"Characterization of the main placental cytokine profiles from HIV-1-infected pregnant women treated with anti-retroviral drugs in France","volume":"149","author":"Faye","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318042d5e3","article-title":"Hematologic effects of maternal antiretroviral therapy and transmission prophylaxis in HIV-1-exposed uninfected newborn infants","volume":"45","author":"Feiterna-Sperling","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0294","article-title":"Gender differences in lymphocyte populations, plasma HIV RNA levels, and disease progression in a cohort of children born to women infected with HIV","volume":"118","author":"Foca","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.93.4.624","article-title":"Alteration in the proportion of CD4 T lymphocytes in a subgroup of human immunodeficiency virus-exposed-uninfected children","volume":"93","author":"Gesner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-1157(89)90009-7","article-title":"Combined estimation of tetanus and diphtheria antitoxin in human sera by the in vitro toxin-binding inhibition (ToBI) test","volume":"17","author":"Hendriksen","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biol. Stand."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.01.020","article-title":"Altered immunological reactivity in HIV-1-exposed uninfected neonates","volume":"127","author":"Hygino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.100","article-title":"Maternal HIV infection and antibody responses against vaccine-preventable diseases in uninfected infants","volume":"305","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key20180919073528_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.05.006","article-title":"Antibody response to hepatitis B re-vaccination in HIV-infected children with immune recovery on highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"25","author":"Lao-Araya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key20180919073528_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200309260-00006","article-title":"Perinatal antiretroviral treatment and hematopoiesis in HIV-unifected infants","volume":"17","author":"Le Chenadec","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key20180919073528_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.07.038","article-title":"Immunogenicity and effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in HIV infected and uninfected African children","volume":"23","author":"Madhi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key20180919073528_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1006\/biol.2002.0319","article-title":"Potency control of diphtheria component in adsorbed vaccines by in vitro neutralization tests","volume":"30","author":"Marcovistz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"key20180919073528_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmq024","article-title":"Low CD4+ T-cell levels and B-cell apoptosis in vertically HIV-exposed noninfected children and adolescents","volume":"56","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Trop. Pediatr."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections among HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics","volume":"58","author":"Mofenson","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. Rep."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B22","first-page":"61","article-title":"Immunization of children at risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"81","author":"Moss","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B23","first-page":"1","article-title":"General recommendations on immunization-recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"60","author":"National Center for Immunization Respiratory Diseases.","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. Rep."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.2.398","article-title":"Impaired progenitor cell function in HIV-negative infants of HIV-positive mothers results in decreased thymic output and low CD4 counts","volume":"98","author":"Nielsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"key20180919073528_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2008000800011","article-title":"Imbalance of naive and memory T lymphocytes with sustained high cellular activation during the first year of life from uninfected children born to HIV-1-infected mothers on HAART","volume":"41","author":"Ono","year":"2008","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2008.00598.x","article-title":"Serological response to hepatitis B virus vaccine in HIV-infected children in Tanzania","volume":"9","author":"Pippi","year":"2008","journal-title":"HIV Med."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2006.19.363","article-title":"Increased CD154 expression in uninfected infants born to HIV-positive mothers exposed to antiretroviral prophylaxis","volume":"19","author":"Romano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199409000-00010","article-title":"Response to hepatitis B immunization by infants exposed to HIV","volume":"8","author":"Rutstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key20180919073528_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1086\/522989","article-title":"The influence of HIV-1 exposure and infection on levels of passively acquired antibodies to measles virus in Zambian infants","volume":"45","author":"Scott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.01.045","article-title":"Prevalence of protective antibody against hepatitis B virus in HIV-infected children with immune recovery after highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"24","author":"Siriaksorn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key20180919073528_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2007000100009","article-title":"Determination of low tetanus or diphtheria antitoxin titers in sera by a toxin neutralization assay and a modified toxin-binding inhibition test","volume":"40","author":"Sonobe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000600030","article-title":"Immunogenicity test of tetanus component in adsorbed vaccines by toxin binding inhibition test","volume":"97","author":"Souza Matos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"key20180919073528_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1260","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001260","article-title":"HIV-infected children living in Central Africa have low persistence of antibodies to vaccines used in the Expanded Program on Immunization","volume":"2","author":"Tejiokem","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key20180919073528_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00312-08","article-title":"Whole-cell pertussis vaccine induces low antibody levels in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children living in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"16","author":"Tejiokem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B35","first-page":"277","article-title":"Antibody response to hepatitis B immunization in infants born to HIV-infected mothers","volume":"85","author":"Thaithumyanon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Med. Assoc. Thai."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2007.11.004","article-title":"Effect of intrauterine HIV-1 exposure on the frequency and function of uninfected newborns' dendritic cells","volume":"126","author":"Velilla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"key20180919073528_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.10.110","article-title":"Hepatitis B vaccines: WHO position paper-recommendations","volume":"28","author":"World Health Organization.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key20180919073528_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00339-08","article-title":"Immunogenicity of a whole-cell pertussis vaccine with low lipopolysaccharide content in infants","volume":"16","author":"Zorzeto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.05065-11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T07:11:33Z","timestamp":1686208293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.05065-11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,20]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CVI.05065-11"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cvi.05065-11","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,20]]}}}