{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:56:39Z","timestamp":1781196999675,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin. Vaccine Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a highly virulent, mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes severe and often fatal neurological disease in humans and horses in eastern North American, the Caribbean, and Mexico and throughout Central and South America. EEEV infection is diagnosed serologically by anti-EEEV-specific IgM detection, with confirmation by the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), which is highly specific for alphaviruses. Live virus is used in the PRNT procedure, which currently requires biosafety level 3 containment facilities and select agent security in the case of EEEV. These requirements restrict the ability of public health laboratories to conduct PRNTs. Sindbis virus (SINV)\/EEEV recombinant constructs have been engineered to express the immunogenic structural proteins from 2 wild-type EEEV strains in an attenuated form. These SINV\/EEEVs, which are not classified as select agents, were evaluated as alternative diagnostic reagents in a PRNT using human, equine, and murine sera. The results indicate that the chimeric viruses exhibit specificity comparable to that of wild-type EEEV, with only a slight reduction in sensitivity. Considering their benefits in increased safety and reduced regulatory requirements, these chimeric viruses should be highly useful in diagnostic laboratories throughout the Americas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.05129-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,14]],"date-time":"2011-07-14T02:46:20Z","timestamp":1310611580000},"page":"1486-1491","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Use of Sindbis\/Eastern Equine Encephalitis Chimeric Viruses in Plaque Reduction Neutralization Tests for Arboviral Disease Diagnostics"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"B. W.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Kosoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Delorey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. C.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20180919073530_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.293","article-title":"Endemic eastern equine encephalitis in the Amazon region of Peru","volume":"76","author":"Aguilar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"key20180919073530_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01586-09","article-title":"Evolutionary patterns of eastern equine encephalitis virus in North versus South America suggest ecological differences and taxonomic revision","volume":"84","author":"Arrigo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"key20180919073530_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1970.19.123","article-title":"An inactivated eastern equine encephalomyelitis vaccine propagated in chick-embryo cell culture. II. Clinical and serologic responses in man","volume":"19","author":"Bartelloni","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"key20180919073530_B4","first-page":"189","article-title":"Arboviruses","volume-title":"Diagnostic procedures for viral, rickettsial and chlamydial infections","author":"Beaty","year":"1995","edition":"7th ed."},{"key":"key20180919073530_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.579","article-title":"Genetic and antigenic diversity among eastern equine encephalitis viruses from North, Central, and South America","volume":"61","author":"Brault","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"key20180919073530_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-70-1-37","article-title":"Antigenic relationships between flaviviruses as determined by cross-neutralization tests with polyclonal antisera","volume":"70","author":"Calisher","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"key20180919073530_B7","article-title":"Statistical methods for rates and proportions","author":"Fleiss","year":"1981","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"key20180919073530_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00095-09","article-title":"Evaluation of chimeric Japanese encephalitis and dengue viruses for use in diagnostic plaque reduction neutralization tests","volume":"16","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"key20180919073530_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.702","article-title":"Pseudotyped viruses permit rapid detection of neutralizing antibodies in human and equine serum against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus","volume":"75","author":"Kolokoltsov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"key20180919073530_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.379-385.2003","article-title":"Detection of North American eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses by nucleic acid amplification assays","volume":"41","author":"Lambert","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"key20180919073530_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1970.19.119","article-title":"An inactivated eastern equine encephalomyelitis vaccine propagated in chick-embryo cell culture. I. Production and testing","volume":"19","author":"Maire","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"key20180919073530_B12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Eastern equine encephalomyelitis","volume-title":"The arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology","author":"Morris","year":"1988"},{"key":"key20180919073530_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.774","article-title":"Recombinant alphaviruses are safe and useful serological diagnostic tools","volume":"76","author":"Ni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"key20180919073530_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9278","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.17.9278-9286.2003","article-title":"Recombinant Sindbis\/Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is highly attenuated and immunogenic","volume":"77","author":"Paessler","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"key20180919073530_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.2.1032-1038.2004","article-title":"High fidelity of yellow fever virus RNA polymerase","volume":"78","author":"Pugachev","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"key20180919073530_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.52.8","article-title":"The economic burden imposed by a residual case of eastern encephalitis","volume":"52","author":"Villari","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"key20180919073530_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.07.061","article-title":"Chimeric Sindbis\/eastern equine encephalitis vaccine candidates are highly attenuated and immunogenic in mice","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key20180919073530_B18","first-page":"151","article-title":"Eastern equine encephalitis","volume-title":"The encyclopedia of arthropod-transmitted infections","author":"Weaver","year":"2001"},{"key":"key20180919073530_B19","first-page":"999","article-title":"Togaviridae","volume-title":"Virus taxonomy. VIIIth report of the ICTV","author":"Weaver","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.05129-11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T20:45:47Z","timestamp":1627591547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.05129-11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,13]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CVI.05129-11"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cvi.05129-11","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,13]]}}}