{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:08:01Z","timestamp":1791176881026,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to significant disease in males, including anogenital warts, intraepithelial neoplasias, and several types of oral and anogenital cancers. The quadrivalent HPV (type 6\/11\/16\/18) L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine (qHPV vaccine; Gardasil) has recently been demonstrated to prevent persistent infection and associated disease related to vaccine HPV types in males. We report the overall immunogenicity results from a trial of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in males. Overall, 3,463 heterosexual men and 602 men who had sex with men were enrolled into a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy study. Serum samples were collected prior to vaccination at day 1 and at months 7, 24, and 36 postvaccination. Immunogenicity was evaluated with a multiplex, competitive Luminex immunoassay. Almost all subjects (97.4 to 99.2%) seroconverted for vaccine HPV types by month 7. At month 36, 88.9%, 94.0%, 97.9%, and 57.0% of subjects were still seropositive for HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18, respectively. For all vaccine HPV types, black subjects had significantly higher antibody titers at month 7 than did both Caucasian and Asian subjects. An anamnestic antibody response was seen in men seropositive before vaccination. The vaccine was highly immunogenic in males 16 to 23 years of age; responses were comparable to those observed in women. Furthermore, the immune responses were consistent with the established efficacy of the vaccine in the prevention of incident and persistent HPV infection, anogenital warts, and anal intraepithelial neoplasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.05208-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,8]],"date-time":"2011-12-08T02:42:28Z","timestamp":1323312148000},"page":"261-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Immunogenicity of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (Type 6\/11\/16\/18) Vaccine in Males 16 to 26 Years Old"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Hillman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"STI Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna R.","family":"Giuliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Risk Assessment, Detection, and Intervention Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel M.","family":"Palefsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Goldstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Edson D.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Obras Sociais Irm\u00e3 Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eftyhia","family":"Vardas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa and Lancet Laboratories, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center, National Public Health Institute, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiko","family":"Jessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J2 Private Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daron G.","family":"Ferris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic Cancer Prevention Center, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Coutlee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche du CHUM, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Brooke","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck &amp; Co., Inc., North Wales, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Vuocolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck &amp; Co., Inc., North Wales, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Haupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck &amp; Co., Inc., North Wales, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalya","family":"Guris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck &amp; Co., Inc., North Wales, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth I. O.","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck &amp; Co., Inc., North Wales, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S345","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-36342003000900008","article-title":"The male role in cervical cancer","volume":"45","author":"Castellsague X","year":"2003","unstructured":"CastellsagueX BoschFX MunozN. 2003. The male role in cervical cancer. Salud. Publica Mex. 45(Suppl. 3):S345\u2013S353.","journal-title":"Salud. Publica Mex."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.04.054","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism of humoral immunity with human vaccines","volume":"26","author":"Cook IF","year":"2008","unstructured":"CookIF. 2008. Sexual dimorphism of humoral immunity with human vaccines. 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The human papillomavirus infection in men study: human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution among men residing in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 17:2036\u20132043.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909537","article-title":"Efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine against HPV infection and disease in males","volume":"364","author":"Giuliano AR","year":"2011","unstructured":"GiulianoAR. 2011. Efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine against HPV infection and disease in males. N. Engl. J. Med. 364:401\u2013411.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. 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