{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T23:43:00Z","timestamp":1792885380386,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The global distribution of brucellosis and high incidence in certain areas of the world warrant the development of a safer and efficacious vaccine. For the past 10 years, we have focused our attention on the development of a safer, but still highly protective, live attenuated vaccine for human and animal use. We have demonstrated the safety and protective efficacy of the vaccine candidates 16M\u0394<jats:italic>vjbR<\/jats:italic>and S19\u0394<jats:italic>vjbR<\/jats:italic>against homologous and heterologous challenge in multiple immunocompetent animal models, including mice and deer. In the present study, we conducted a series of experiments to determine the safety of the vaccine candidates in interferon regulatory factor-1-knockout (IRF-1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>) mice. IRF-1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice infected with either wild-type<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Brucella melitensis<\/jats:named-content>16M or the vaccine strain<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Brucella abortus<\/jats:named-content>S19 succumb to the disease within the first 3 weeks of infection, which is characterized by a marked granulomatous and neutrophilic inflammatory response that principally targets the spleen and liver. In contrast, IRF-1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice inoculated with either the 16M\u0394<jats:italic>vjbR<\/jats:italic>or S19\u0394<jats:italic>vjbR<\/jats:italic>vaccine do not show any clinical or major pathological changes associated with vaccination. Additionally, when 16M\u0394<jats:italic>vjbR<\/jats:italic>- or S19\u0394<jats:italic>vjbR<\/jats:italic>-vaccinated mice are challenged with wild-type<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Brucella melitensis<\/jats:named-content>16M, the degree of colonization in multiple organs, along with associated pathological changes, is significantly reduced. These findings not only demonstrate the safety and protective efficacy of the<jats:italic>vjbR<\/jats:italic>mutant in an immunocompromised mouse model but also suggest the participation of lesser-known mechanisms in protective immunity against brucellosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.05321-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]],"date-time":"2011-12-15T05:29:42Z","timestamp":1323926982000},"page":"249-260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Extended Safety and Efficacy Studies of the Attenuated Brucella Vaccine Candidates 16M\u0394<i>vjbR<\/i>and S19\u0394<i>vjbR<\/i>in the Immunocompromised IRF-1<sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/sup>Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"A. 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C.","family":"Rice-Ficht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&amp;M University, Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&amp;M University, Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&amp;M University, Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&amp;M University, Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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