{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T13:54:26Z","timestamp":1764078866238},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The objectives of this study were to evaluate the kinetics of antibody decline through childhood in a longitudinal study of a single cohort following serogroup C meningococcal (MenC) vaccine immunization in early childhood and to calculate the proportion of 11 to 13 year olds with protective levels of bactericidal antibody 10 years after immunization. United Kingdom children aged 11 to 13 years in 2010 who had previously taken part in a longitudinal study at the Oxford Vaccine Group had blood samples drawn between 2001 and 2010. Sera from each time point were analyzed for the MenC serum bactericidal antibody titer using a baby rabbit complement (rSBA) assay. The median age at MenC immunization was 21 months (range, 1 year 3 months to 3 years 9 months). The MenC rSBA geometric mean titer (GMT) at age 3.5 to 5 years was 8.0 (95% confidence interval, 6.5 to 9.9;\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 287). By age 11.5 to 13.5 years, the rSBA GMT had declined to 3.3 (2.5 to 4.4;\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 98). The percentage of children with rSBA titers of \u22651:8 (the threshold for protection) also declined from 38% (35% to 41%) to 15% (12% to 19%). We concluded that MenC rSBA titers wane rapidly following vaccination in early childhood and continue to decline into the second decade of life. Since nasopharyngeal colonization in adolescents probably provides the major reservoir for MenC in the population, declining immunity in this cohort is of concern. Sustaining high levels of antibody through booster vaccination in this cohort is likely necessary to avoid a resurgence of disease in the decade ahead.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.05354-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,29]],"date-time":"2011-10-29T03:05:02Z","timestamp":1319857502000},"page":"2038-2042","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Maintenance of Immune Response throughout Childhood following Serogroup C Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccination in Early Childhood"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Khatami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, CCVTM, Churchill Drive, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, CCVTM, Churchill Drive, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, CCVTM, Churchill Drive, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Wolfson College Annexe, Linton Road, Oxford, OX2 6UD, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, CCVTM, Churchill Drive, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Findlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Evaluation, Health Protection Agency, Clinical Sciences Building 2, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WZ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, CCVTM, Churchill Drive, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"Snape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, CCVTM, Churchill Drive, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.10.5.780-786.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3885","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003885","article-title":"Association of a bacteriophage with meningococcal disease in young adults","volume":"3","author":"Bille E.","year":"2008","unstructured":"BilleE.. 2008. Association of a bacteriophage with meningococcal disease in young adults. PLoS One 3:e3885.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00384-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.01.051","article-title":"Meningococcal surrogates of protection\u2014serum bactericidal antibody activity","volume":"23","author":"Borrow R.","year":"2005","unstructured":"BorrowR. BalmerP. MillerE.. 2005. Meningococcal surrogates of protection\u2014serum bactericidal antibody activity. Vaccine 23:2222\u20132227.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.9.4946-4954.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00529-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6819.116","article-title":"Mortality in meningococcal disease","volume":"304","author":"Cartwright K.","year":"1992","unstructured":"CartwrightK. StrangJ. ReillyS. WhiteD.. 1992. Mortality in meningococcal disease. BMJ 304:116.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2006.00052.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"72","article-title":"Updated recommendations for use of meningococcal conjugate vaccines. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010","volume":"60","author":"CDC","year":"2011","unstructured":"CDC. 2011. Updated recommendations for use of meningococcal conjugate vaccines. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 60:72\u201376.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.04.027","article-title":"Immunogenicity and safety of a low-dose diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis combination vaccine with either inactivated or oral polio vaccine as a pre-school booster in UK children","volume":"22","author":"Collins C. L.","year":"2004","unstructured":"CollinsC. L.. 2004. Immunogenicity and safety of a low-dose diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis combination vaccine with either inactivated or oral polio vaccine as a pre-school booster in UK children. Vaccine 22:4262\u20134269.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/135.1.94","article-title":"Cross-antigenicity and immunogenicity between capsular polysaccharides of group C Neisseria meningitidis and of Escherichia coli K92","volume":"135","author":"Glode M. P.","year":"1977","unstructured":"GlodeM. P.. 1977. Cross-antigenicity and immunogenicity between capsular polysaccharides of group C Neisseria meningitidis and of Escherichia coli K92. J. Infect. Dis. 135:94\u2013104.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1086\/340050","article-title":"Influence of serogroup on the presentation, course, and outcome of invasive meningococcal disease in children in the Republic of Ireland, 1995-2000","volume":"34","author":"Healy C. M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"HealyC. M.. 2002. Influence of serogroup on the presentation, course, and outcome of invasive meningococcal disease in children in the Republic of Ireland, 1995-2000. Clin. Infect. Dis. 34:1323\u20131330.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181f728fd","article-title":"Persistence of immunity following a booster dose of Haemophilus influenzae type B-meningococcal serogroup C glycoconjugate vaccine: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Khatami A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"KhatamiA.. 2011. Persistence of immunity following a booster dose of Haemophilus influenzae type B-meningococcal serogroup C glycoconjugate vaccine: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 30:197\u2013202.","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/527401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.4.2.156-167.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"An update on the invasive meningococcal disease and meningococcal vaccine conjugate recommendations. An Advisory Committee Statement (ACS)","volume":"35","author":"National Advisory Committee on Immunization","year":"2009","unstructured":"National Advisory Committee on Immunization. 2009. An update on the invasive meningococcal disease and meningococcal vaccine conjugate recommendations. An Advisory Committee Statement (ACS). Can. Commun. Dis. Rep. 35:1\u201340.","journal-title":"Can. Commun. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1086\/652765","article-title":"Antibody persistence after serogroup C meningococcal conjugate immunization of United Kingdom primary-school children in 1999-2000 and response to a booster: a phase 4 clinical trial","volume":"50","author":"Perrett K. P.","year":"2010","unstructured":"PerrettK. P.. 2010. Antibody persistence after serogroup C meningococcal conjugate immunization of United Kingdom primary-school children in 1999-2000 and response to a booster: a phase 4 clinical trial. Clin. Infect. Dis. 50:1601\u20131610.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105033441807","article-title":"Meningococcal disease","volume":"344","author":"Rosenstein N. E.","year":"2001","unstructured":"RosensteinN. E. PerkinsB. A. StephensD. S. PopovicT. HughesJ. M.. 2001. Meningococcal disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 344:1378\u20131388.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.047","article-title":"Investigation of serum bactericidal activity in childhood and adolescence 3-6 years after vaccination with a single dose of serogroup C meningococcal conjugate vaccine","volume":"27","author":"Sakou I. I.","year":"2009","unstructured":"SakouI. I.. 2009. Investigation of serum bactericidal activity in childhood and adolescence 3-6 years after vaccination with a single dose of serogroup C meningococcal conjugate vaccine. Vaccine 27:4408\u20134411.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000151029.58752.27","article-title":"Lack of serum bactericidal activity in preschool children two years after a single dose of serogroup C meningococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine","volume":"24","author":"Snape M. D.","year":"2005","unstructured":"SnapeM. D.. 2005. Lack of serum bactericidal activity in preschool children two years after a single dose of serogroup C meningococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 24:128\u2013131.","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39563.545255.AE","article-title":"Seroprotection against serogroup C meningococcal disease in adolescents in the United Kingdom: observational study","volume":"336","author":"Snape M. D.","year":"2008","unstructured":"SnapeM. D.. 2008. Seroprotection against serogroup C meningococcal disease in adolescents in the United Kingdom: observational study. BMJ 336:1487\u20131491.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1086\/508776","article-title":"Serogroup C meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccine in adolescents: persistence of bactericidal antibodies and kinetics of the immune response to a booster vaccine more than 3 years after immunization","volume":"43","author":"Snape M. D.","year":"2006","unstructured":"SnapeM. D.. 2006. Serogroup C meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccine in adolescents: persistence of bactericidal antibodies and kinetics of the immune response to a booster vaccine more than 3 years after immunization. Clin. Infect. Dis. 43:1387\u20131394.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00630-8","article-title":"Seroprevalence of meningococcal serogroup C bactericidal antibody in England and Wales in the pre-vaccination era","volume":"21","author":"Trotter C.","year":"2003","unstructured":"TrotterC. BorrowR. AndrewsN. MillerE.. 2003. Seroprevalence of meningococcal serogroup C bactericidal antibody in England and Wales in the pre-vaccination era. Vaccine 21:1094\u20131098.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16725-1","article-title":"Effectiveness of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine 4 years after introduction","volume":"364","author":"Trotter C. L.","year":"2004","unstructured":"TrotterC. L. AndrewsN. J. KaczmarskiE. B. MillerE. RamsayM. E.. 2004. Effectiveness of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine 4 years after introduction. Lancet 364:365\u2013367.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi160","article-title":"Dynamic models of meningococcal carriage, disease, and the impact of serogroup C conjugate vaccination","volume":"162","author":"Trotter C. L.","year":"2005","unstructured":"TrotterC. L. GayN. J. EdmundsW. J.. 2005. Dynamic models of meningococcal carriage, disease, and the impact of serogroup C conjugate vaccination. Am. J. Epidemiol. 162:89\u2013100.","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.05354-11","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.05354-11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T20:44:16Z","timestamp":1627591456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.05354-11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CVI.05354-11"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cvi.05354-11","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-08-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-09-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-11-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}