{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:05:13Z","timestamp":1790633113264,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin. Vaccine Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by infection with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:named-content>and is prevalent worldwide under various climatic conditions. It is usually asymptomatic, but infection in pregnant women can pose serious health problems for the fetus. However, epidemiological information regarding toxoplasmosis in Japanese pregnant women is limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma<\/jats:named-content>antibodies, the primary infection rate, and the risk factors for toxoplasmosis in Japanese pregnant women. We measured anti-<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma<\/jats:named-content>antibody titers in 4,466 pregnant women over a period of 7.5 years and simultaneously conducted interviews to identify the risk factors for toxoplasmosis. The overall prevalence of anti-<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma<\/jats:named-content>antibodies was 10.3%, and it was significantly higher in women aged above 35 years. The rate of primary<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma<\/jats:named-content>infection during pregnancy was estimated to be 0.25%. A possibility of infection in the later stages of pregnancy was identified for those women who were not infected in the early stages. A history of raw meat intake was identified to be a risk factor related to toxoplasmosis. Therefore, to lower the risk of toxoplasmosis, pregnant women should refrain from eating raw and undercooked meat and maintain personal hygiene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.05486-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,29]],"date-time":"2011-12-29T02:17:33Z","timestamp":1325125053000},"page":"365-367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Anti-Toxoplasma Antibody Prevalence, Primary Infection Rate, and Risk Factors in a Study of Toxoplasmosis in 4,466 Pregnant Women in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Makiko","family":"Sakikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunichi","family":"Noda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masachi","family":"Hanaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotoshi","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Hojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeko","family":"Kakinoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maki","family":"Nakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuyomu","family":"Ikenoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20180919073557_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-178","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in psychiatric inpatients in a northern Mexican city","volume":"6","author":"Alvarado-Esquivel","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Infect. 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