{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T16:58:15Z","timestamp":1761843495870},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of exogenous reproductive hormones on the local and systemic production of specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antibodies after vaginal vaccination with recombinant cholera toxin subunit B (CTB). Three groups of women using either progesterone-containing intrauterine devices (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 9), oral contraceptives (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 8), or no hormonal contraceptive methods (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 9) were vaginally immunized twice, 2 weeks apart. Cervical secretions, vaginal fluids, and serum were collected before and after vaccination. Total and CTB-specific IgA and IgG antibodies in genital secretions and serum were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A majority of the women presented strong CTB-specific IgA and IgG antibody responses in cervicovaginal secretions after vaccination, whereas the antitoxin responses in serum were weaker. Exogenously administered steroid hormones did not seem to have any impact on the production of specific antibodies. Both the frequencies and the magnitudes of IgA and IgG antitoxin responses in genital secretions were comparable among the three immunization groups. An association, in particular for IgA, was found between the magnitudes of the CTB-specific antibody responses in cervical secretions and vaginal fluids after vaccination. The sensitivities and positive predictive values of vaginal antibody analyses to reflect responses in cervical secretions were also high, suggesting that vaginal fluids alone might be used for evaluation of genital immune responses in large-scale vaccination studies in the future.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.13.2.202-207.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,8]],"date-time":"2006-02-08T07:07:43Z","timestamp":1139382463000},"page":"202-207","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Influence of Exogenous Reproductive Hormones on Specific Antibody Production in Genital Secretions after Vaginal Vaccination with Recombinant Cholera Toxin B Subunit in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lotta","family":"Wassen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Go\u0308teborg University Vaccine Institute\u2014GUVAX"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Go\u0308teborg University, Go\u0308teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Jertborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Go\u0308teborg University Vaccine Institute\u2014GUVAX"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Go\u0308teborg University, Go\u0308teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1990.tb16240.x","volume":"97","year":"1990","unstructured":"Andersson, J. and G. Rybo. 1990. Levonorgesterol releasing intrauterine devices in the treatment of menorrhagia. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol.97:690-694.","journal-title":"Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1995.11.719","volume":"11","year":"1995","unstructured":"Belec, L., C. Tevi-Benissan, X. S. Lu, T. Prazuck, and J. Pillot. 1995. Local synthesis of IgG antibodies to HIV within the female and male genital tracts during asymptomatic and pre-AIDS stages of HIV infection. AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir.11:719-729.","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.7.2676-2684.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138271","volume":"8","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bjercke, S., and P. Brandtzaeg. 1993. Glandular distribution of immunoglobulins, J chain, secretory component, and HLA-DR in the human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle. Hum Reprod.8:1420-1425.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7309.394","volume":"323","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brabin, L. 2001. Hormonal markers of susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections: are we taking them seriously? BMJ323:394-395.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1985.tb01866.x","volume":"22","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bradtzaeg, P. 1985. The role of J chain and secretory component in receptor-mediated glandular and hepatic transport of immunoglobulins in man. Scand. J. Immunol.22:111-146.","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(97)00061-2","volume":"36","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brandtzaeg, P. 1997. Mucosal immunity in the female genital tract. J. Reprod. Immunol.36:23-50.","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(98)00086-2","volume":"42","year":"1999","unstructured":"Franklin, R. D., and W. H. Kutteh. 1999. Characterization of immunoglobulins and cytokines in human cervical mucus: influence of exogenous and endogenous hormones. J. Reprod. Immunol.42:93-106.","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.5.4.491-493.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(92)90324-D","volume":"10","year":"1992","unstructured":"Holmgren, J., A.-M. Svennerholm, M. Jertborn, J. Clemens, D. A. Sack, R. Salenstedt, and H. Wigzell. 1992. An oral B subunit: whole cell vaccine against cholera. Vaccine10:911-914.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"571","volume":"102","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ildgruben, A. K., I. M. Sj\u00f6berg, and M. L. Hammarstr\u00f6m. 2003. Influence of hormonal contraceptives on the immune cells and thickness of human vaginal epithelium. Obstet. Gynecol.102:571-582.","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1159\/000231778","volume":"53","year":"1977","unstructured":"Jalanti, R., and H. Isliker. 1977. Immunoglobulins in human cervico-vaginal secretions. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol.53:402-408.","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.4125-4128.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(92)90030-N","volume":"10","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jertborn, M., A.-M. Svennerholm, and J. Holmgren. 1992. Safety and immunogenicity of an oral recombinant cholera B subunit-whole cell vaccine in Swedish volunteers. Vaccine10:130-132.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.24.2.203-209.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.12.7481-7486.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.4.1387-1394.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S493","DOI":"10.1086\/314810","volume":"179","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kozlowski, P. A., S. Cu-Uvin, M. R. Neutra, and T. P. Flanigan. 1999. Mucosal vaccination strategies for women. J. Infect. Dis.179(Suppl. 3):S493-S498.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.1.566","volume":"169","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kozlowski, P. A., S. B. Williams, R. M. Lynch, T. P. Flanigan, R. R. Patterson, S. Cu-Uvin, and M. R. Neutra. 2002. Differential induction of mucosal and systemic antibody responses in women after nasal, rectal, or vaginal immunization: influence of the menstrual cycle. J. Immunol.169:566-574.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.113853","volume":"184","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kutteh, W. H., and R. D. Franklin. 2001. Quantification of immunoglobulins and cytokines in human cervical mucus during each trimester of pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.184:865-872.","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"56","volume":"71","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kutteh, W. H., K. D. Hatch, R. E. Blackwell, and J. Mestecky. 1988. Secretory immune system of the female reproductive tract. I. Immunoglobulin and secretory component-containing cells. Obstet. Gynecol.71:56-60.","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1994.tb00845.x","volume":"31","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kutteh, W. H., and J. Mestecky. 1994. Secretory immunity in the female reproductive tract. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol.31:40-46.","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1998.14.51","volume":"14","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kutteh, W. H., Z. Moldoveanu, and J. Mestecky. 1998. Mucosal immunity in the female reproductive tract: correlation of immunoglobulins, cytokines, and reproductive hormones in human cervical mucus around the time of ovulation. AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir.14(Suppl 1):S51-S55.","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1996.36742.x","volume":"104","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kutteh, W. H., S. J. Prince, K. R. Hammond, C. C. Kutteh, and J. Mestecky. 1996. Variations in immunoglobulins and IgA subclasses of human uterine cervical secretions around the time of ovulation. Clin. Exp. Immunol.104:538-542.","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00919384","volume":"13","year":"1993","unstructured":"Menge, A. C., and J. Mestecky. 1993. Surface expression of secretory component and HLA class II DR antigen on glandular epithelial cells from human endometrium and two endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines. J. Clin. Immunol.13:259-264.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(21)00565-3","volume":"20","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mestecky, J., C. Lue, and M. W. Russell. 1991. Selective transport of IgA. Cellular and molecular aspects. Gastroenterol. Clin. N. Am.20:441-471.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djg018","volume":"95","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nardelli-Haefliger, D., D. Wirthner, J. T. Schiller, D. R. Lowy, A. Hildesheim, F. Ponci, and P. De Grandi. 2003. Specific antibody levels at the cervix during the menstrual cycle of women vaccinated with human papillomavirus 16 virus-like particles. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.95:1128-1137.","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.1.45-48.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(02)01585-X","volume":"4","year":"2002","unstructured":"Russell, M. W., and J. Mestecky. 2002. Humoral immune responses to microbial infections in the genital tract. Microbes Infect.4:667-677.","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"201","year":"1973","unstructured":"Schumacher, G. F. B. 1973. Soluble proteins in cervical mucus, p. 201-221. In R. J. Blandau and K. Moghissi (ed.), The biology of the cervix. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill.","journal-title":"The biology of the cervix"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(02)00536-0","volume":"32","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shrier, L. A., F. P. Bowman, M. Lin, and P. A. Crowley-Nowick. 2003. Mucosal immunity of the adolescent female genital tract. J. Adolesc. Health32:183-186.","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/147.3.514","volume":"147","year":"1983","unstructured":"Svennerholm, A.-M., J. Holmgren, R. Black, M. Levine, and M. Merson. 1983. Serologic differentiation between antitoxin responses to infection with Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli. J. Infect. Dis.147:514-522.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/149.6.884","volume":"149","year":"1984","unstructured":"Svennerholm, A.-M., M. Jertborn, L. Gothefors, A. M. Karim, D. A. Sack, and J. Holmgren. 1984. Mucosal antitoxic and antibacterial immunity after cholera disease and after immunization with a combined B subunit-whole cell vaccine. J. Infect. Dis.149:884-893.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4778","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.9.4778","volume":"165","year":"2000","unstructured":"van Ginkel, F. W., R. J. Jackson, Y. Yuki, and J. R. McGhee. 2000. The mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin redirects vaccine proteins into olfactory tissues. J. Immunol.165:4778-4782.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.3.447-452.2005","volume":"12","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wassen, L., and M. Jertborn. 2005. Kinetics of local and systemic immune responses after vaginal immunization with recombinant cholera toxin B subunit in humans. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol.12:447-452.","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-320.x","volume":"44","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wassen, L., K. Sch\u00f6n, J. Holmgren, M. Jertborn, and N. Lycke. 1996. Local intravaginal vaccination of the female genital tract. Scand. J. Immunol.44:408-414.","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.05.007","volume":"20","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yoshida, M., S. M. Claypool, J. S. Wagner, E. Mizoguchi, A. Mizoguchi, D. C. Roopenian, W. I. Lencer, and R. S. Blumberg. 2004. Human neonatal Fc receptor mediates transport of IgG into luminal secretions for delivery of antigens to mucosal dendritic cells. Immunity20:769-783.","journal-title":"Immunity"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.13.2.202-207.2006","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CVI.13.2.202-207.2006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T15:53:57Z","timestamp":1627574037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CVI.13.2.202-207.2006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CVI.13.2.202-207.2006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cvi.13.2.202-207.2006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-09-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-11-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}