{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:32:56Z","timestamp":1784194376808,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            To increase testing efficiency, a microsphere-based multianalyte immune detection (MAID) system was developed to measure serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA recognizing two\n            <jats:italic>Bordetella pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            antigens, pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin antigen (FHA). The assay was performed as two separate duplexes. One duplex measured IgG to PT and FHA, and the other measured IgA to PT and FHA. The two duplexes were then combined and analyzed as a tetraplex. The MAID system and an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system were used to evaluate 100 sera from blood donors and 220 consecutive sera submitted for\n            <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            antibody testing. For both the MAID and ELISA systems, antibody levels were defined as increased if greater than the blood donor group 95th percentile value. The qualitative concordance rates between MAID and ELISA results for the 220 consecutively submitted sera were as follows: PT IgG, 99%; PT IgA, 94%; FHA IgG, 93%; FHA IgA, 94%. The overall concordance rate was 95% (836 of 880 result sets). For 29 of 44 (66%) discordant result sets, the discordant MAID result was supported by the MAID and ELISA results for other\n            <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            antibodies. The MAID and in-house ELISA systems were also used to evaluate 20 sera previously tested for pertussis antibodies at a pertussis vaccine research laboratory; MAID results for all four analytes did not significantly differ from results obtained by the research laboratory. These findings show that antibodies to\n            <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            antigens can be measured easily and accurately using a tetraplex microsphere system.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.13.2.266-270.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,8]],"date-time":"2006-02-08T07:07:43Z","timestamp":1139382463000},"page":"266-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Evaluation of a Tetraplex Microsphere Assay for\n            <i>Bordetella pertussis<\/i>\n            Antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Harry E.","family":"Prince","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California 90630"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Lape\u0301-Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California 90630"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Matud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California 90630"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.11.1.50-55.2004","volume":"11","year":"2004","unstructured":"Biagini, R. E., D. L. Sammons, J. P Smith, B. A. MacKenzie, C. A. F. Striley, V. Semenova, E. Steward-Clark, K. Stamey, A. E. Freeman, C. P. Quinn, and J. E. Snawder. 2004. Comparison of a multiplexed fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of human immunoglobulin G antibodies to anthrax toxin. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol.11:50-55.","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-1-199801010-00010","volume":"128","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cherry, J. D. 1998. Pertussis in adults. Ann. Int. Med.128:64-66.","journal-title":"Ann. Int. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1086\/425003","volume":"39","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cherry, J. D., S.-J. Chang, D. Klein, M. Lee, S. Barenkamp, D. Bernstein, R. Edelman, M. D. Decker, D. P. Greenberg, W. Keitel, J. Treanor, and J. I. Ward. 2004. Prevalence of antibody to Bordetella pertussis antigens in serum specimens obtained from 1793 adolescents and adults. Clin. Infect. Dis.39:1715-1718.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.3.639","volume":"21","year":"1995","unstructured":"Deville, J. G., J. D. Cherry, P. D. Christenson, E. Pineda, C. T. Leach, T. L. Kuhls, and S. Viker. 1995. Frequency of unrecognized Bordetella pertussis infections in adults. Clin. Infect. Dis.21:639-642.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1086\/426020","volume":"39","year":"2004","unstructured":"Forsyth, K. D., M. Campins-Marti, J. Caro, J. D. Cherry, D. Greenberg, N. Guiso, U. Heininger, J. Schellekens, C.-H. Wirsing von Konig, and S. Plotkin. 2004. New pertussis vaccination strategies beyond infancy: recommendations by the global pertussis initiative. Clin. Infect. 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Cherry, S.-J. Chang, M. D. Knoll, M. L. Lee, S. Barenkamp, D. Bernstein, R. Edelman, K. M. Edwards, D. Greenberg, W. Keitel, J. Treanor, and J. I. Ward. 2004. Immune responses and antibody decay after immunization of adolescents and adults with an acellular pertussis vaccine: the APERT study. J. Infect. Dis.190:535-544.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.3.6.689-700.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.6.1297","volume":"169","year":"1994","unstructured":"Marchant, C. D., A. M. Loughlin, S. M. Lett, C. W. Todd, L. H. Wetterlow, R. Bicchieri, S. Higham, P. Etkind, E. Silva, and G. R. Siber. 1994. Pertussis in Massachusetts, 1981-1991: incidence, serologic diagnosis, and vaccine effectiveness. J. Infect. Dis.169:1297-1305.","journal-title":"J. Infect. 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