{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T10:38:50Z","timestamp":1781001530735,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We evaluated the abilities of the Vircell immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for\n            <jats:italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            serogroup 1, the IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for\n            <jats:italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            serogroup 1, and the IgM-plus-IgG ELISA for\n            <jats:italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            serogroups 1 to 6 to diagnose Legionnaires' disease (LD) in a well-described sample of patients with and without LD. Also, we determined the agreements, sensitivities, and specificities of the different Vircell assays in comparison to a validated ELISA (Serion classic ELISA). Clinical sensitivity and specificity were 74.6% and 96.6%, respectively, for the IgM IFA, 65.1% and 88.0% for the IgG IFA, 92.3% and 100% for the IgM ELISA, 43.3% and 96.6% for the IgG ELISA, and 90.8% and 100% for the IgM-plus-IgG ELISA. Compared to Serion classic ELISA, agreement, sensitivity, and specificity were 80.0%, 83.1%, and 78.4%, respectively, for the IgM IFA, 75.2%, 66.0%, and 79.5% for the IgG IFA, 89.5%, 82.0%, and 97.6% for the IgM ELISA, 81.9%, 88.9%, and 78.0% for the IgG ELISA, and 93.5%, 90.0%, and 96.6% for the IgM-plus-IgG ELISA. The value of a positive diagnostic result obtained by the Vircell IgM IFA, the Vircell IgG IFA, and the Vircell IgG ELISA might not be acceptable for a diagnostic assay. Both the high specificities and sensitivities of the Vircell IgM ELISA and the IgM-plus-IgG ELISA and the high correlation with the Serion classic ELISA indicate that they are useful in the diagnosis of LD.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.13.3.361-364.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,7]],"date-time":"2006-03-07T18:48:00Z","timestamp":1141757280000},"page":"361-364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of Vircell Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay for Detection of Antibodies against\n            <i>Legionella pneumophila<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bram M. W.","family":"Diederen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, P.O. Box 747, 5000 AS Tilburg, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan A. J. W.","family":"Kluytmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel F.","family":"Peeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, P.O. Box 747, 5000 AS Tilburg, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-003-1033-0","volume":"22","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boshuizen, H. C., J. W. Den Boer, H. de Melker, J. F. Schellekens, M. F. Peeters, J. A. van Vliet, and M. A. Conyn-van Spaendonck. 2003. Reference values for the SERION classic ELISA for detecting Legionella pneumophila antibodies. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.22:706-708.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1086\/322049","volume":"184","year":"2001","unstructured":"Boshuizen, H. C., S. E. Neppelenbroek, H. van Vliet, J. F. Schellekens, J. W. Boer, M. F. Peeters, and M. A. Spaendonck. 2001. Subclinical Legionella infection in workers near the source of a large outbreak of Legionnaires' disease. J. Infect. Dis.184:515-518.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"871","volume":"23","year":"2004","unstructured":"den Boer, J. W., and E. W. Yzerman. 2004. Diagnosis of Legionella infection in Legionnaires' disease. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.23:871-878.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"64","volume":"6","year":"2000","unstructured":"de Ory, F., J. M. Echevarria, C. Pelaz, A. Tellez, M. A. Mateo, and J. Lopez. 2000. Detection of specific IgM antibody in the investigation of an outbreak of pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.6:64-68.","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.3.506-526.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"113","volume":"1","year":"1988","unstructured":"Harrison, T. G., and A. G. Taylor. 1988. The diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease by estimation of antibody levels, p. 113-135. In T. G. Harrison and A. G. Taylor (ed.), A laboratory manual for Legionella,vol. 1. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Chichester, United Kingdom.","journal-title":"A laboratory manual for Legionella"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.7.3060-3063.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1086\/345529","volume":"36","year":"2003","unstructured":"Murdoch, D. R. 2003. Diagnosis of Legionella infection. Clin. Infect. Dis.36:64-69.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400026176","volume":"83","year":"1979","unstructured":"Nagington, J., T. G. Wreghitt, J. O. Tobin, and A. D. Macrae. 1979. The antibody response in Legionnaires' disease. J. Hyg.83:377-381.","journal-title":"J. Hyg."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.5.1286","volume":"20","year":"1995","unstructured":"Plouffe, J. F., T. M. File, Jr., R. F. Breiman, B. A. Hackman, S. J. Salstrom, B. J. Marston, and B. S. Fields. 1995. Reevaluation of the definition of Legionnaires' disease: use of the urinary antigen assay. Community Based Pneumonia Incidence Study Group. Clin. Infect. Dis.20:1286-1291.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.8.4022-4025.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.3.1124-1127.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1988.tb01900.x","volume":"65","year":"1988","unstructured":"Vesey, G., P. J. Dennis, J. V. Lee, and A. A. West. 1988. Further development of simple tests to differentiate the legionellas. J. Appl. Bacteriol.65:339-345.","journal-title":"J. Appl. Bacteriol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.35.6.657","volume":"35","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wreghitt, T. G., J. Nagington, and J. Gray. 1982. An ELISA test for the detection of antibodies to Legionella pneumophila. J. Clin. Pathol.35:657-660.","journal-title":"J. Clin. 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