{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T09:10:50Z","timestamp":1781946650738,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]],"date-time":"2006-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1146441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Evidence from animals suggests that anti-anthrax protective antigen (PA) immunoglobulin G (IgG) from vaccination with anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) is protective against\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            infection. Measurement of anti-PA IgG in human sera can be performed using either enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay (ELISA) (R. E. Biagini, D. L. Sammons, J. P. Smith, B. A. MacKenzie, C. A. Striley, V. Semenova, E. Steward-Clark, K. Stamey, A. E. Freeman, C. P. Quinn, and J. E. Snawder, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 11:50-55, 2004). Both these methods are laboratory based. We describe the development of a rapid lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) test kit for the measurement of anti-PA IgG in serum or whole-blood samples (30-\u03bcl samples) using colloidal gold nanoparticles as the detection reagent and an internal control. Using sera from 19 anthrax AVA vaccinees (anti-PA IgG range, 2.4 to 340 \u03bcg\/ml) and 10 controls and PA-supplemented whole-blood samples, we demonstrated that the LFIA had a sensitivity of approximately 3 \u03bcg\/ml anti-PA IgG in serum and \u223c14 \u03bcg\/ml anti-PA IgG in whole blood. Preabsorption of sera with PA yielded negative anti-PA LFIAs. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 100% using ELISA-measured anti-PA IgG as the standard. This kit has utility in determining anti-PA antibody reactivity in the sera of individuals vaccinated with AVA or individuals with clinical anthrax.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.13.5.541-546.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,8]],"date-time":"2006-05-08T22:09:23Z","timestamp":1147126163000},"page":"541-546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Rapid, Sensitive, and Specific Lateral-Flow Immunochromatographic Device To Measure Anti-Anthrax Protective Antigen Immunoglobulin G in Serum and Whole Blood"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Raymond E.","family":"Biagini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Monitoring Laboratory Section, Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response (MPIR) Laboratory, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah L.","family":"Sammons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Monitoring Laboratory Section, Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response (MPIR) Laboratory, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome P.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Monitoring Laboratory Section, Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response (MPIR) Laboratory, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"MacKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Monitoring Laboratory Section, Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response (MPIR) Laboratory, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia A. F.","family":"Striley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Monitoring Laboratory Section, Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response (MPIR) Laboratory, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Snawder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Monitoring Laboratory Section, Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response (MPIR) Laboratory, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley A.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Monitoring Laboratory Section, Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response (MPIR) Laboratory, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conrad P.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Monitoring Laboratory Section, Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response (MPIR) Laboratory, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01794","volume":"424","year":"2003","unstructured":"Agrawal, A., J. 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