{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T09:43:57Z","timestamp":1789638237722,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eukaryot Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Mutations in the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n            chloroquine resistance transporter (\n            <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n            CRT) protein confer resistance to the antimalarial drug chloroquine.\n            <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n            CRT localizes to the parasite digestive vacuole, the site of chloroquine action, where it mediates resistance by transporting chloroquine out of the digestive vacuole.\n            <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n            CRT belongs to a family of transporter proteins called the chloroquine resistance transporter family. CRT family proteins are found throughout the Apicomplexa, in some protists, and in plants. Despite the importance of\n            <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n            CRT in drug resistance, little is known about the evolution or native function of CRT proteins. The apicomplexan parasite\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n            contains one CRT family protein. We demonstrate that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n            CRT (\n            <jats:italic>Tg<\/jats:italic>\n            CRT) colocalizes with markers for the vacuolar (VAC) compartment in these parasites. The\n            <jats:italic>Tg<\/jats:italic>\n            CRT-containing VAC is a highly dynamic organelle, changing its morphology and protein composition between intracellular and extracellular forms of the parasite. Regulated knockdown of\n            <jats:italic>Tg<\/jats:italic>\n            CRT expression resulted in modest reduction in parasite fitness and swelling of the VAC, indicating that\n            <jats:italic>Tg<\/jats:italic>\n            CRT contributes to parasite growth and VAC physiology. Together, our findings provide new information on the role of CRT family proteins in apicomplexan parasites.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.00027-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,24]],"date-time":"2014-05-24T03:33:26Z","timestamp":1400902406000},"page":"1360-1370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Characterization of the Chloroquine Resistance Transporter Homologue in Toxoplasma gondii"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sally D.","family":"Warring","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vern B.","family":"Carruthers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey I.","family":"McFadden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giel G.","family":"van Dooren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, 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