{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:29:30Z","timestamp":1790724570182,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eukaryot Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:named-content>\n            is an opportunistic yeast responsible for lethal meningoencephalitis in humans. This pathogen elaborates a polysaccharide capsule, which is its major virulence factor. Mannose constitutes over one-half of the capsule mass and is also extensively utilized in cell wall synthesis and in glycosylation of proteins and lipids. The activated mannose donor for most biosynthetic reactions, GDP-mannose, is made in the cytosol, although it is primarily consumed in secretory organelles. This compartmentalization necessitates specific transmembrane transporters to make the donor available for glycan synthesis. We previously identified two cryptococcal GDP-mannose transporters, Gmt1 and Gmt2. Biochemical studies of each protein expressed in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:named-content>\n            showed that both are functional, with similar kinetics and substrate specificities\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            . We have now examined these proteins\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            and demonstrate that cells lacking Gmt1 show significant phenotypic differences from those lacking Gmt2 in terms of growth, colony morphology, protein glycosylation, and capsule phenotypes. Some of these observations may be explained by differential expression of the two genes, but others suggest that the two proteins play overlapping but nonidentical roles in cryptococcal biology. Furthermore,\n            <jats:italic>gmt1 gmt2<\/jats:italic>\n            double mutant cells, which are unexpectedly viable, exhibit severe defects in capsule synthesis and protein glycosylation and are avirulent in mouse models of cryptococcosis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.00054-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,19]],"date-time":"2014-04-19T02:26:37Z","timestamp":1397874397000},"page":"832-842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Cryptococcus neoformans Dual GDP-Mannose Transporters and Their Role in Biology and Virulence"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhuo A.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cara L.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Skowyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nichole","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezekiel J.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey R.","family":"Gish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Brent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara L.","family":"Doering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161809"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(98)00126-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.354209"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.262162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.1349"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R700002-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Essentials of glycobiology","author":"Freeze HH","year":"2009","unstructured":"FreezeHHElbeinAD. 2009. 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