{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T12:41:35Z","timestamp":1793104895757,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eukaryot Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Many eukaryotic proteins are posttranslationally modified by the esterification of cysteine thiols to long-chain fatty acids. This modification, protein palmitoylation, is catalyzed by a large family of palmitoyl acyltransferases that share an Asp-His-His-Cys Cys-rich domain but differ in their subcellular localizations and substrate specificities. In\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Trypanosoma brucei<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the flagellated protozoan parasite that causes African sleeping sickness, protein palmitoylation has been observed for a few proteins, but the extent and consequences of this modification are largely unknown. We undertook the present study to investigate\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. brucei<\/jats:named-content>\n            protein palmitoylation at both the enzyme and substrate levels. Treatment of parasites with an inhibitor of total protein palmitoylation caused potent growth inhibition, yet there was no effect on growth by the separate, selective inhibition of each of the 12 individual\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. brucei<\/jats:named-content>\n            palmitoyl acyltransferases. This suggested either that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. brucei<\/jats:named-content>\n            evolved functional redundancy for the palmitoylation of essential palmitoyl proteins or that palmitoylation of some proteins is catalyzed by a noncanonical transferase. To identify the palmitoylated proteins in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. brucei<\/jats:named-content>\n            , we performed acyl biotin exchange chemistry on parasite lysates, followed by streptavidin chromatography, two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry protein identification, and QSpec statistical analysis. A total of 124 palmitoylated proteins were identified, with an estimated false discovery rate of 1.0%. This palmitoyl proteome includes all of the known palmitoyl proteins in procyclic-stage\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. brucei<\/jats:named-content>\n            as well as several proteins whose homologues are palmitoylated in other organisms. Their sequences demonstrate the variety of substrate motifs that support palmitoylation, and their identities illustrate the range of cellular processes affected by palmitoylation in these important pathogens.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.00248-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,31]],"date-time":"2010-12-31T02:39:02Z","timestamp":1293763142000},"page":"455-463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Global Analysis of Protein Palmitoylation in African Trypanosomes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Brian T.","family":"Emmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesto S.","family":"Nakayasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Souther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyungwon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiago J. P.","family":"Sobreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conrad L.","family":"Epting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexey I.","family":"Nesvizhskii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"},{"name":"Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor C.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Engman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.9.5931"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200300783"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M800203-MCP200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(01)00213-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.15.11017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2003.03927.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)61074-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00086-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.062968"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.041764"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-004-0272-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.9.6428"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.8.2057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.67.1.425"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(01)00296-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07605"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.4315"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.9.2342"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M311180200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2084"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M206573200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2006.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2006.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M414535200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20040198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.16.12147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(03)00045-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/gzn039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2006.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409264200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200206120"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.03.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e04-06-0457"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.225"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5429.901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00002-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1702"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr060161n"}],"container-title":["Eukaryotic Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/EC.00248-10","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/EC.00248-10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T15:21:14Z","timestamp":1645629674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/EC.00248-10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/EC.00248-10"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ec.00248-10","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-9778","1535-9786"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-9778","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-9786","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-10-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-12-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-03-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}