{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:27:43Z","timestamp":1787239663860,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eukaryot Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    is the predominant mold pathogen in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we present the first characterization of the small GTPase RacA in\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    . To gain insight into the function of\n                    <jats:italic>racA<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the growth and pathogenesis of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , we constructed a strain that lacks a functional\n                    <jats:italic>racA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene. The \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>racA<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain showed significant morphological defects, including a reduced growth rate and abnormal conidiogenesis on glucose minimal medium. In the \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>racA<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain, apical dominance in the leading hyphae is lost and, instead, multiple axes of polarity emerge. Intriguingly, superoxide production at the hyphal tips was reduced by 25% in the \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>racA<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain. Treatment of wild-type hyphae with diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, resulted in phenotypes similar to that of the \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>racA<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain. These data suggest that \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>racA<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain phenotypes may be due to a reduction or alteration in the production of reactive oxygen species. Most surprisingly, despite these developmental and growth abnormalities, the \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>racA<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain retained at least wild-type virulence in both an insect model and two immunologically distinct murine models of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. These results demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    growth phenotypes do not always correlate with\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    virulence and raise intriguing questions about the role of RacA in\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Aspergillus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    virulence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.00288-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,23]],"date-time":"2010-12-23T23:01:15Z","timestamp":1293145275000},"page":"174-186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["The Small GTPase RacA Mediates Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Production, Polarized Growth, and Virulence in the Human Fungal Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Inc., Ardmore, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget M.","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Grahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srisombat","family":"Puttikamonkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremey 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