{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:28:29Z","timestamp":1790681309253,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eukaryot Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The tissue cyst formed by the bradyzoite stage of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n            is essential for persistent infection of the host and oral transmission. Bradyzoite pseudokinase 1 (BPK1) is a component of the cyst wall, but nothing has previously been known about its function. Here, we show that immunoprecipitation of BPK1 from\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            bradyzoite cultures, 4 days postinfection, identifies at least four associating proteins: MAG1, MCP4, GRA8, and GRA9. To determine the role of BPK1, a strain of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma<\/jats:named-content>\n            was generated with the\n            <jats:italic>bpk1<\/jats:italic>\n            locus deleted. This BPK1 knockout strain (\n            <jats:italic>\u0394bpk1<\/jats:italic>\n            ) was investigated\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . No defect was found in terms of\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            cyst formation and no difference in pathogenesis or cyst burden 4 weeks postinfection (wpi) was detected after intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with\n            <jats:italic>\u0394bpk1<\/jats:italic>\n            tachyzoites, although the \u0394\n            <jats:italic>bpk1<\/jats:italic>\n            cysts were significantly smaller than parental or BPK1-complemented strains at 8 wpi. Pepsin-acid treatment of 4 wpi\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            cysts revealed that \u0394\n            <jats:italic>bpk1<\/jats:italic>\n            parasites are significantly more sensitive to this treatment than the parental and complemented strains. Consistent with this, 4 wpi \u0394\n            <jats:italic>bpk1<\/jats:italic>\n            cysts showed reduced ability to cause oral infection compared to the parental and complemented strains. Together, these data reveal that BPK1 plays a crucial role in the\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            development and infectivity of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma<\/jats:named-content>\n            cysts.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.00343-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,5]],"date-time":"2013-01-05T07:21:35Z","timestamp":1357370495000},"page":"399-410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Bradyzoite Pseudokinase 1 Is Crucial for Efficient Oral Infectivity of the Toxoplasma gondii Tissue Cyst"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kerry R.","family":"Buchholz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Bowyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Boothroyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"3170","volume-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","author":"Montoya J","year":"2005","unstructured":"MontoyaJ KovacsJ RemingtonJ . 2005. Toxoplasma gondii, p 3170\u20133197. In MandellG BennettJ DolinR (ed), Principles and practice of infectious diseases, 6th ed. Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA.","edition":"6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/317471"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-861538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.2.267"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012369542-0\/50015-5","volume-title":"Toxoplasma gondii. The model apicomplexan: perspectives and methods","author":"Weiss LM","year":"2007","unstructured":"WeissLM KimK . 2007. Bradyzoite development, p 341\u2013366. In WeissLM KimK (ed), Toxoplasma gondii. The model apicomplexan: perspectives and methods. 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