{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T05:41:03Z","timestamp":1773812463870,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]],"date-time":"2002-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1017619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eukaryot Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n The dimorphic fungus\n Histoplasma capsulatum<\/jats:italic>\n is the etiologic agent of one of the most common systemic mycoses of humans, histoplasmosis. In the environment,\n H. capsulatum<\/jats:italic>\n grows in a differentiated mold form and shifts to an undifferentiated yeast form after mold fragments or spores are inhaled. This mold-to-yeast shift is required for disease. Little is known about the molecular biology of dimorphism in\n Histoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n , and most studies have been directed toward yeast-specific genes. While it is important to examine the role of genes upregulated in the yeast morphotype, genes which are silenced in the yeast (i.e., mold-specific genes) may also play a critical role in dimorphism. To begin to examine this hypothesis, we report here the first misexpression and knockout analysis of a mold-specific gene in\n Histoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n . The strongly expressed\n MS8<\/jats:italic>\n gene encodes a predicted 21-kDa protein extremely rich in glycine and glutamine. Forced expression of\n MS8<\/jats:italic>\n driven by the\n TEF1<\/jats:italic>\n promoter in yeast did not alter the yeast morphology at 37\u00b0C or mold formation at 25\u00b0C. Yeast expressing\n MS8<\/jats:italic>\n did exhibit clumping in liquid medium and formed \u201csticky\u201d colonies on agar plates. Allelic replacement of\n MS8<\/jats:italic>\n was accomplished by a positive-negative selection procedure.\n ms8<\/jats:italic>\n knockout mutants formed apparently normal yeast at 37\u00b0C but gave rise to aberrant mycelia at 25\u00b0C. The mold colonies of the knockouts were less than half as large as normal, had a granular surface, produced a dark-red pigment, and formed short hyphae which were 40% wider with a distinctive twisted \u201czig-zag\u201d shape.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.1.2.249-256.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,5]],"date-time":"2002-12-05T01:41:58Z","timestamp":1039052518000},"page":"249-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The Mold-Specific\n MS8<\/i>\n Gene Is Required for Normal Hypha Formation in the Dimorphic Pathogenic Fungus\n Histoplasma capsulatum<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Xianbin","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5018"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Glenmore","family":"Shearer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5018"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.320020404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"93","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gurr, S. J., S. E. Unkles, and J. R. Kinghorn. 1987. The structure and organization of nuclear genes of filamentous fungi, p. 93-139. In J. R. Kinghorn (ed.), Gene structure in eukaryotic microbes. IRL Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.","journal-title":"Gene structure in eukaryotic microbes"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.2.3.197"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-140-4-759"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.8.2104-2107.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.5.1384-1390.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.55.3.528-533.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"94","volume":"11","year":"1991","unstructured":"Majumdar, D., Y. J. Avissar, and J. H. Wyche. 1991. Simultaneous and rapid isolation of bacterial and eukaryotic DNA and RNA: a new approach for isolating DNA. 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E. 1992. Gene organization in industrial filamentous fungi, p. 29-53. In J. R. Kinghorn and G. Turner (ed.), Applied molecular genetics of filamentous fungi. Blackie, Glasgow, United Kingdom.","journal-title":"Applied molecular genetics of filamentous fungi"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.3.636-641.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.4.1697-1707.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00337734"}],"container-title":["Eukaryotic Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/EC.1.2.249-256.2002","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/EC.1.2.249-256.2002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T12:47:59Z","timestamp":1645620479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/EC.1.2.249-256.2002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/EC.1.2.249-256.2002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ec.1.2.249-256.2002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-9778","1535-9786"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-9778","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-9786","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2001-08-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-01-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}