{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T07:03:53Z","timestamp":1791097433076,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]],"date-time":"2002-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eukaryot Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The complete life cycle of\n            <jats:italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/jats:italic>\n            has not been defined, but accumulating evidence suggests that the mammalian host may acquire this organism early in life. In the present study, the initial time of\n            <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n            acquisition was determined in rats by amplification of\n            <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n            DNA in oral swabs from seven sets of pups and dams and from fetal tissue obtained by cesarean section of three gravid female rats. DNA extracted from all samples was amplified by using PCR primers directed to the\n            <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n            mitochondrial large subunit rRNA. Amplicons were produced from 80% (28 of 35) of pups within 2 h after birth; from 97% (34 of 35) after 24 h, and in all of the serially sampled pups by 48 h. No\n            <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n            amplicons were produced from 48 fetuses or their placentae taken by cesarean section. Thus,\n            <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n            is acquired almost immediately after birth, and placental transmission occurs rarely, if ever, in rats.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.1.3.414-419.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,5]],"date-time":"2002-12-05T01:42:23Z","timestamp":1039052543000},"page":"414-419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Early Acquisition of\n            <i>Pneumocystis carinii<\/i>\n            in Neonatal Rats as Evidenced by PCR and Oral Swabs"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Crystal R.","family":"Icenhour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0560"},{"name":"Veterans Administration Medical Center, Medical Research Service ML 151, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra L.","family":"Rebholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0560"},{"name":"Veterans Administration Medical Center, Medical Research Service ML 151, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret S.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0560"},{"name":"Veterans Administration Medical Center, Medical Research Service ML 151, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie T.","family":"Cushion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0560"},{"name":"Veterans Administration Medical Center, Medical Research Service ML 151, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.10.2511-2513.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(70)80301-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1997044325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.7.1660-1665.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"309","volume":"5","year":"1970","unstructured":"Dutz, W. 1970. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Pathol. Annu.5:309-340.","journal-title":"Pathol. 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The first observation of congenital pneumocystic pneumonia in a fully developed stillborn child. Ann. Paediatr.198:177-184.","journal-title":"Ann. Paediatr."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.2.296"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.61.1.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(84)90020-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.39.203.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Ramsey E. M. 1982. The placenta: human and animal. Praeger New York N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.2.355"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stringer J. R. M. T. Cushion and A. E. Wakefield. 2001. New nomenclature for the genus Pneumocystis . J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 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