{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:43:13Z","timestamp":1779345793092,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]],"date-time":"2003-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eukaryot Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Treatment of\n            <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n            cells with the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin results in a variety of cellular changes in response to perceived nutrient deprivation. Among other effects, rapamycin treatment results in the nuclear localization of the global nitrogen activators Gln3p and Nil1p\/Gat1p, which leads to expression of nitrogen assimilation genes. The proline utilization (Put) pathway genes were shown to be among the genes induced by rapamycin. Having previously shown that the Put pathway activator Put3p is differentially phosphorylated in response to the quality of the nitrogen source, we examined the phosphorylation status of Put3p after rapamycin treatment. Treatment with rapamycin resulted in the hyperphosphorylation of Put3p, which was independent of Gln3p, Nil1p, and Ure2p. The relative contributions of global nitrogen (Gln3p and Nil1p) and pathway-specific (Put3p) activators to rapamycin-induced expression of the target gene\n            <jats:italic>PUT1<\/jats:italic>\n            were also examined. We found that Nil1p and Put3p, but not Gln3p, play major roles in rapamycin-induced\n            <jats:italic>PUT1<\/jats:italic>\n            expression. Our findings show that perceived nitrogen deprivation triggered by rapamycin treatment and steady-state growth in nitrogen-derepressing conditions are associated with hyperphosphorylation of Put3p and increased\n            <jats:italic>PUT1<\/jats:italic>\n            expression. Rapamycin treatment and nitrogen derepression may share some, but not all, regulatory elements, since Gln3p and Nil1p do not participate identically in both processes and are not required for hyperphosphorylation. A complex relationship exists among the global and pathway-specific regulators, depending on the nature and quality of the nitrogen source.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.2.3.552-559.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,9]],"date-time":"2003-06-09T23:12:20Z","timestamp":1055200340000},"page":"552-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Rapamycin Treatment Results in GATA Factor-Independent Hyperphosphorylation of the Proline Utilization Pathway Activator in\n            <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Deepti","family":"Saxena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark NJ 07101"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. B.","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark NJ 07101"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjorie C.","family":"Brandriss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark NJ 07101"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/116.4.541"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/23.4.558"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.11.1.564-567.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/45287"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M004235200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Bisson L. F. 1991. 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