{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T14:24:43Z","timestamp":1791642283543,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]],"date-time":"2004-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1080777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eukaryot Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Secondary metabolites, or biochemical indicators of fungal development, are of intense interest to humankind due to their pharmaceutical and\/or toxic properties. We present here a novel\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    nuclear protein, LaeA, as a global regulator of secondary metabolism in this genus. Deletion of\n                    <jats:italic>laeA (<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>laeA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) blocks the expression of metabolic gene clusters, including the sterigmatocystin (carcinogen), penicillin (antibiotic), and lovastatin (antihypercholesterolemic agent) gene clusters. Conversely, overexpression of\n                    <jats:italic>laeA<\/jats:italic>\n                    triggers increased penicillin and lovastatin gene transcription and subsequent product formation.\n                    <jats:italic>laeA<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression is negatively regulated by AflR, a sterigmatocystin Zn\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Cys\n                    <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                    transcription factor, in a unique feedback loop, as well as by two signal transduction elements, protein kinase A and RasA. Although these last two proteins also negatively regulate sporulation, \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>laeA<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains show little difference in spore production compared to the wild type, indicating that the primary role of LaeA is to regulate metabolic gene clusters.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.3.2.527-535.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,9]],"date-time":"2004-04-09T16:03:08Z","timestamp":1081526588000},"page":"527-535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":872,"title":["LaeA, a Regulator of Secondary Metabolism in\n                    <i>Aspergillus<\/i>\n                    spp"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Jin Woo","family":"Bok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy P.","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(98)80114-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.14.5405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.1.221-225.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.23.3206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1365-280X.1999.00225.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.3.547-585.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.4.1418"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/153.2.715"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.66.3.447-459.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8303295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"1","volume":"69","year":"2000","unstructured":"Demain, A., and A. 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