{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:40:28Z","timestamp":1791348028155,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]],"date-time":"2005-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eukaryot Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Formins are downstream effector proteins of Rho-type GTPases and are involved in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and actin cable assembly at sites of polarized cell growth. Here we show using in vivo time-lapse microscopy that deletion of the\n            <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n            formin homolog\n            <jats:italic>BNI1<\/jats:italic>\n            results in polarity defects during yeast growth and hyphal stages. Deletion of the second\n            <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n            formin,\n            <jats:italic>BNR1<\/jats:italic>\n            , resulted in elongated yeast cells with cell separation defects but did not interfere with the ability of\n            <jats:italic>bnr1<\/jats:italic>\n            cells to initiate and maintain polarized hyphal growth. Yeast\n            <jats:italic>bni1<\/jats:italic>\n            cells were swollen, showed an increased random budding pattern, and had a severe defect in cytokinesis, with enlarged bud necks. Induction of hyphal development in\n            <jats:italic>bni1<\/jats:italic>\n            cells resulted in germ tube formation but was halted at the step of polarity maintenance. Bni1-green fluorescent protein is found persistently at the hyphal tip and colocalizes with a structure resembling the Spitzenko\u0308rper of true filamentous fungi. Introduction of constitutively active\n            <jats:italic>ras1<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>G13V<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sup>\n            in the\n            <jats:italic>bni1<\/jats:italic>\n            strain or addition of cyclic AMP to the growth medium did not bypass\n            <jats:italic>bni1<\/jats:italic>\n            hyphal growth defects. Similarly, these agents were not able to suppress hyphal growth defects in the\n            <jats:italic>wal1<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant which is lacking the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) homolog. These results suggest that the maintenance of polarized hyphal growth in\n            <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n            requires coordinated regulation of two actin cytoskeletal pathways, including formin-mediated secretion and WASP-dependent endocytosis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.4.10.1712-1724.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,7]],"date-time":"2005-10-07T17:57:57Z","timestamp":1128707877000},"page":"1712-1724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Ras1-Induced Hyphal Development in\n            <i>Candida albicans<\/i>\n            Requires the Formin Bni1"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Ronny","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Walther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Junior Research Group: Growth Control of Fungal Pathogens, Leibniz Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Kno\u0308ll Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju\u0308rgen","family":"Wendland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Junior Research Group: Growth Control of Fungal Pathogens, Leibniz Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Kno\u0308ll Institute"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, 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