{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:16:46Z","timestamp":1791404206233,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eukaryot Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n            , a fungal pathogen of humans, causes fatal meningitis in immunocompromised patients. Its virulence is mainly determined by the elaboration of a polysaccharide capsule surrounding its cell wall. During its life,\n            <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n            is confronted with and responds to dramatic variations in CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            concentrations; one important morphological change triggered by the shift from its natural habitat (0.033% CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            ) to infected hosts (5% CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            ) is the induction of capsule biosynthesis. In cells, CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            is hydrated to bicarbonate in a spontaneous reaction that is accelerated by carbonic anhydrases. Here we show that\n            <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n            contains two \u03b2-class carbonic anhydrases, Can1 and Can2. We further demonstrate that\n            <jats:italic>CAN2<\/jats:italic>\n            , but not\n            <jats:italic>CAN1<\/jats:italic>\n            , is abundantly expressed and essential for the growth of\n            <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n            in its natural environment, where CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            concentrations are limiting. Structural studies reveal that Can2 forms a homodimer in solution. Our data reveal Can2 to be the main carbonic anhydrase and suggest a physiological role for bicarbonate during\n            <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n            growth. Bicarbonate directly activates the\n            <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n            Cac1 adenylyl cyclase required for capsule synthesis. We show that this specific activation is optimal at physiological pH.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.5.1.103-111.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,7]],"date-time":"2006-01-07T05:17:55Z","timestamp":1136611075000},"page":"103-111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["<i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>\n            Senses CO\n            <sub>2<\/sub>\n            through the Carbonic Anhydrase Can2 and the Adenylyl Cyclase Cac1"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Estelle Gewiss","family":"Mogensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilhem","family":"Janbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Mycologie Mole\u0301culaire, CNRS FRE2849, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Chaloupka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Steegborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ruhr-Universita\u0308t Bochum, Universita\u0308tsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man Shun","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fre\u0301de\u0301rique","family":"Moyrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Mycologie Mole\u0301culaire, CNRS FRE2849, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Klengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Geeves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lonny R.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fritz A.","family":"Mu\u0308hlschlegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.1.1.75-84.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04560.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Anonymous. 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