{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:39:27Z","timestamp":1791337167974,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,31]],"date-time":"2016-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483142400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["EcoSal Plus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the most common Gram-negative bacillary organism causing meningitis, and\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    meningitis continues to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Our incomplete knowledge of its pathogenesis contributes to such mortality and morbidity. Recent reports of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains producing CTX-M-type or TEM-type extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases create a challenge. Studies using\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    models of the blood-brain barrier have shown that\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    meningitis follows a high degree of bacteremia and invasion of the blood-brain barrier.\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    invasion of the blood-brain barrier, the essential step in the development of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    meningitis, requires specific microbial and host factors as well as microbe- and host-specific signaling molecules. Blockade of such microbial and host factors contributing to\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    invasion of the blood-brain barrier is shown to be efficient in preventing\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    penetration into the brain. The basis for requiring a high degree of bacteremia for\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    penetration of the blood-brain barrier, however, remains unclear. Continued investigation on the microbial and host factors contributing to a high degree of bacteremia and\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    invasion of the blood-brain barrier is likely to identify new targets for prevention and therapy of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    meningitis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/ecosalplus.esp-0015-2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]],"date-time":"2016-05-18T11:23:27Z","timestamp":1463570607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Human Meningitis-Associated\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kwang Sik","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang CJ Chang WN Huang LT Huang SC Chang YC Hung PL Lu CH Chang CS Cheng BC Lee PY Wang KW Chang HW. 2004. 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