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As a result, understanding the mechanisms of phagocytosis has been an area of great interest in the field of Lyme disease. Several cell surface receptors that participate in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>phagocytosis have been reported, including the scavenger receptor MARCO and integrin \u03b13\u03b21. We sought to define the mechanisms by which these receptors mediate phagocytosis and to identify signaling pathways activated downstream of these receptors upon contact with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>. We identified both Syk and Src signaling pathways as ones that participate in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>phagocytosis and the resulting cytokine activation. In our studies, we found that both MARCO and integrin \u03b21 play a role in the activation of the Src kinase pathway. However, only integrin \u03b21 participates in the activation of Syk. Interestingly, the integrin activates Syk without the help of the signaling adaptor Dap12 or FcR\u03b3. Thus, we report that multiple pathways participate in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>internalization and that different cell surface receptors act simultaneously in cooperation and independently to mediate phagocytosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00004-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]],"date-time":"2017-07-18T00:40:23Z","timestamp":1500338423000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Phagocytic Receptors Activate Syk and Src Signaling during Borrelia burgdorferi Phagocytosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Tess L.","family":"Killpack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ballesteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen C.","family":"Bunnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Bedugnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lester","family":"Kobzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linden T.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Petnicki-Ocwieja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.102755"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2013.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100232"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1013776108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01039-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.7.2998","article-title":"Human dendritic cells phagocytose and process Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"157","author":"Filgueira L","year":"1996","unstructured":"Filgueira L Nestle FO Rittig M Joller HI Groscurth P . 1996. 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