{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:42:52Z","timestamp":1790390572970,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI 001065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI 001065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Granulocytes are activated during\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    infection and act as immune effector cells, and granulocyte responses are implicated in tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. Plasma levels of neutrophil and eosinophil granular proteins provide an indirect measure of degranulation. In this study, we wanted to examine the levels of neutrophil and eosinophil granular proteins in individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and to compare them with the levels in individuals with latent TB (LTB). Hence, we measured the plasma levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) in these individuals. Finally, we also measured the levels of all of these proteins in PTB individuals following antituberculosis treatment (ATT). Our data reveal that PTB individuals are characterized by significantly higher plasma levels of MPO, elastase, proteinase 3, as well as MBP and EDN in comparison to those in LTB individuals. Our data also reveal that ATT resulted in the reversal of all of these changes, indicating an association with TB disease. Finally, our data show that the systemic levels of MPO and proteinase 3 can significantly discriminate PTB from LTB individuals. Thus, our data suggest that neutrophil and eosinophil granular proteins could play a potential role in the innate immune response and, therefore, the pathogenesis of pulmonary TB.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00008-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,6]],"date-time":"2018-04-06T05:45:56Z","timestamp":1522993556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Heightened Systemic Levels of Neutrophil and Eosinophil Granular Proteins in Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Reversal following Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Kadar","family":"Moideen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathella Pavan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaithilingam V.","family":"Banurekha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramalingam","family":"Bethunaickan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subash","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India"},{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0903"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.020867"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201304-0803OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI67604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182587"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"1151","article-title":"The haematological and biochemical changes in severe pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"73","author":"Morris CD","year":"1989","unstructured":"Morris CD, Bird AR, Nell H. 1989. 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