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Bacteria were eliminated from both the spleen and the liver within 90 days, and liver histology showed organized granulomatous lesions. A T- and B-cell requirement was investigated by challenging<jats:italic>Rag2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\/<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>,<jats:italic>Cd3<\/jats:italic>\u03b5<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\/<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>, and \u03bc<jats:italic>MT<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\/<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice.<jats:italic>Rag2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\/<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>and<jats:italic>Cd3<\/jats:italic>\u03b5<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\/<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice were significantly impaired in the ability to clear<jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>from the liver and spleen, and \u03bc<jats:italic>MT<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\/<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice were significantly impaired in the ability to clear<jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>from the liver, suggesting that infection control was primarily T cell dependent in the spleen and both T and B cell dependent in the liver. The liver granulomatous response was similar to that of wild-type controls in \u03bc<jats:italic>MT<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\/<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice but completely absent in<jats:italic>Cd3<\/jats:italic>\u03b5<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\/<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>and<jats:italic>Rag2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\/<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice. We studied the involvement of gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by challenging C57BL\/6 mice deficient in the IFN-\u03b3 receptor (<jats:italic>Ifngr1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:sup><jats:italic>\/<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>) and in TNF (<jats:italic>Tnf<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\/<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>).<jats:italic>Ifngr1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:sup><jats:italic>\/<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice were significantly impaired in<jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>control both in the spleen and in the liver, and granulomas were profoundly altered. The effect was even more substantial in<jats:italic>Tnf<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\/<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice; they failed to control<jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>infection in the liver and died within 20 to 25 days after infection with many hepatic inflammatory foci and major lesions of ischemic necrosis in the liver and kidney. These features were not observed with the closely related species<jats:italic>M. chelonae<\/jats:italic>. T-cell immunity, IFN-\u03b3, and TNF are central factors for the control of<jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>in C57BL\/6 mice, as they are for the control of pathogenic slowly growing mycobacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00014-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T00:49:23Z","timestamp":1190076563000},"page":"5898-5907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Importance of T Cells, Gamma Interferon, and Tumor Necrosis Factor in Immune Control of the Rapid Grower<i>Mycobacterium abscessus<\/i>in C57BL\/6 Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Rottman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Ho\u0302pital R. Poincare\u0301 (AP-HP), and EA 3647, Universite\u0301 de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Paris-Ile de France-Ouest, 92380 Garches"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Catherinot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Ho\u0302pital R. Poincare\u0301 (AP-HP), and EA 3647, Universite\u0301 de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Paris-Ile de France-Ouest, 92380 Garches"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Hochedez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Ho\u0302pital R. Poincare\u0301 (AP-HP), and EA 3647, Universite\u0301 de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Paris-Ile de France-Ouest, 92380 Garches"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Franc\u0327ois","family":"Emile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Ho\u0302pital A. 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