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The resulting immune response is characterized by unusually strong IgM production and a lack of long-term protective immunity. Previous studies in mice have shown that infection with\n              <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n              also broadly suppresses host antibody responses against unrelated antigens. Here, we show that mice infected with\n              <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n              and concomitantly immunized with recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein had an abrogated antibody response to the immunization. To further define how long this humoral immune suppression lasts, mice were immunized at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-infection. Suppression of host antibody production against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein peaked at 2 weeks post-infection but continued for all timepoints measured. Antibody responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were also assessed following antibiotic treatment to determine whether this immune suppression persists or resolves following clearance of\n              <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n              . Host antibody production against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein returned to baseline following antibiotic treatment; however, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM remained high, comparable to levels found in\n              <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n              -infected but untreated mice. Thus, our data demonstrate restored IgG responses following antibiotic treatment but persistently elevated IgM levels, indicating lingering effects of\n              <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n              infection on the immune system following treatment.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00018-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T04:00:19Z","timestamp":1711080019000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Suppression of host humoral immunity by\n            <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n            varies over the course of infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8760-8128","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Megan T.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and 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