{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:13:14Z","timestamp":1790669594185,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            is the predominant cause of Legionnaires' disease in the United States and Europe, while\n            <jats:italic>Legionella longbeachae<\/jats:italic>\n            is the common cause of the disease in Western Australia. Although clinical manifestations by both intracellular pathogens are very similar, recent studies have shown that phagosome biogeneses of both species within human macrophages are distinct (R. Asare and Y. Abu Kwaik, Cell. Microbiol., in press). Most inbred mouse strains are resistant to infection by\n            <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            , with the exception of the A\/J mouse strain, and this genetic susceptibility is associated with polymorphism in the\n            <jats:italic>naip5<\/jats:italic>\n            allele and flagellin-mediated early activation of caspase 1 and pyropoptosis in nonpermissive mouse macrophages. Here, we show that genetic susceptibility of mice to infection by\n            <jats:italic>L. longbeachae<\/jats:italic>\n            is independent of allelic polymorphism of\n            <jats:italic>naip5. L. longbeachae<\/jats:italic>\n            replicates within bone marrow-derived macrophages and in the lungs of A\/J, C57BL\/6, and BALB\/c mice, while\n            <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            replicates in macrophages in vitro and in the lungs of the A\/J mouse strain only. Quantitative real-time PCR studies on infected A\/J and C57BL\/6 mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages show that both\n            <jats:italic>L. longbeachae<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            trigger similar levels of\n            <jats:italic>naip5<\/jats:italic>\n            expression, but the levels are higher in infected C57BL\/6 mouse macrophages. In contrast to\n            <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>L. longbeachae<\/jats:italic>\n            has no detectable pore-forming activity and does not activate caspase 1 in A\/J and C57BL\/6 mouse or human macrophages, despite flagellation. Unlike\n            <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>L. longbeachae<\/jats:italic>\n            triggers only a modest activation of caspase 3 and low levels of apoptosis in human and murine macrophages in vitro and in the lungs of infected mice at late stages of infection. We conclude that despite flagellation, infection by\n            <jats:italic>L. longbeachae<\/jats:italic>\n            is independent of polymorphism in the\n            <jats:italic>naip5<\/jats:italic>\n            allele and\n            <jats:italic>L. longbeachae<\/jats:italic>\n            does not trigger the activation of caspase 1, caspase 3, or late-stage apoptosis in mouse and human macrophages. Neither species triggers caspase 1 activation in human macrophages.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00025-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,2]],"date-time":"2007-02-02T17:24:59Z","timestamp":1170437099000},"page":"1933-1945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Genetic Susceptibility and Caspase Activation in Mouse and Human Macrophages Are Distinct for\n            <i>Legionella longbeachae<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>L. pneumophila<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Rexford","family":"Asare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville College of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Santic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Gobin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miljenko","family":"Doric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Suttles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville College of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville College of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville College of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousef","family":"Abu Kwaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville College of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.4.1320-1329.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.5.3021-3026.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00785.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.9.5339-5349.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asare R. and Y. 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