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The\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            Cpx system was previously found to respond to cues distinct from those in the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            system, suggesting that this system fulfills a different physiological role in the cholera pathogen. Here, we used microarrays to identify genes that were regulated by the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            Cpx system. Our observations suggest that the activation of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            Cpx system does not induce expression of genes involved in the mitigation of stress generated by misfolded cell envelope proteins but promotes expression of genes involved in antimicrobial resistance. In particular, activation of the Cpx system induced expression of the genes encoding the VexAB and VexGH resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux systems and their cognate outer membrane pore protein TolC. The promoters for these loci contained putative CpxR consensus binding sites, and ectopic\n            <jats:italic>cpxR<\/jats:italic>\n            expression activated transcription from the promoters for the RND efflux systems. CpxR was not required for intrinsic antimicrobial resistance, but CpxR activation enhanced resistance to antimicrobial substrates of VexAB and VexGH. Mutations that inactivated VexAB or VexGH efflux activity resulted in the activation of the Cpx response, suggesting that\n            <jats:italic>vexAB<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>vexGH<\/jats:italic>\n            and the\n            <jats:italic>cpxP-cpxRA<\/jats:italic>\n            system are reciprocally regulated. We speculate that the reciprocal regulation of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            RND efflux systems and the Cpx two-component system is mediated by the intracellular accumulation of an endogenously produced metabolic by-product that is normally extruded from the cell by the RND efflux systems.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00025-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]],"date-time":"2014-05-06T03:34:01Z","timestamp":1399347241000},"page":"2980-2991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Reciprocal Regulation of Resistance-Nodulation-Division Efflux Systems and the Cpx Two-Component System in Vibrio cholerae"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Dawn L.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X. 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