{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:15:18Z","timestamp":1793060118672,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ASMCopyrightv2"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","award":["GM139537, AI158433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM139537, AI158433"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In its natural aquatic environment, the bacterial pathogen\n            <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            , the causative agent of the enteric disease cholera, is in constant competition with bacterial viruses known as phages. Following ICP3 infection,\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            cultures that exhibited phage killing always recovered overnight, and clones isolated from these regrowth populations exhibited complete resistance to subsequent infections. Whole-genome sequencing of these resistant mutants revealed seven distinct mutations in genes encoding for enzymes involved in O1 antigen biosynthesis, demonstrating that the O1 antigen is a previously uncharacterized putative receptor of ICP3. To further elucidate the specificity of the resistance conferred by these mutations, they were challenged with the\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            -specific phages ICP1 and ICP2. All seven O1 antigen mutants demonstrated pan-resistance to ICP1 but not ICP2, which utilizes the OmpU outer membrane protein as a receptor. We show that resistant mutations to ICP1 and ICP3 evolve at a significantly higher frequency than ICP2, but these mutations have a significant fitness tradeoff to\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            and are unable to evolve in the presence of an antimicrobial that mimics host cell defensins.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00026-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T13:00:26Z","timestamp":1692363626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["<i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n            phage ICP3 requires O1 antigen for infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Drew A.","family":"Beckman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan, 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